题目内容
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A．Because it has so many information that children will feel confused.
B．Because children sometimes question some of the information.
C．Because children can not tell what is right and wrong on the Internet.
D．Because children will become addicted to it which is really bad.
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If you’ve ever started a sentence with, “If I were you...” or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague’s agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear,there’s a scientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over the course of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone else is an enjoyable task that doesn’t suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is “decision fatigue,” a psychological phenomenon that on the quality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leading psychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely to prescribe antibiotics to patients when it’s unwise to do so. “Presumably it’s because it’s simple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather than investigate further,” Polman says.
But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else. When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging to someone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices. “By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not suffer the consequences of decision fatigue,” he says. “It’s as if there’s something fun and liberating about making someone else’s choice.”
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process, it often also includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman. “When people experience decision fatigue—when they are tired of making choices—they have a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状), he says. But the status quo can be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important and lead to a positive outcome.”
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential. “People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothing over something,” he says. “That’s not to say that risk is always good, but it is related to taking action, whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊恼)of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunately hindered.”
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn’t mean you’ll do the same for yourself, Polman cautions. “Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries for others than they do for themselves,” he says, adding that people slip in and out of decision roles.
What does the author say about people making decisions？
A.They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.
B.They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
C.They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them.
D.They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities.
What does the example about the physicians illustrate？
A.Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day.
B.Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients’health.
C.Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.
D.Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue.
When do people feel less decision fatigue？
A.When they take decision shortcuts.
B.When they help others to make decisions.
C.When they have major decisions to make.
D.When they have advisers to turn to.
What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in？
A.They turn to physicians for advice.
B.They tend to make risky decisions.
C.They adopt a totally new perspective.
D.They refrain from trying anything new.
What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making？
A.It is vital for one to reach the goal desired.
B.It is likely to entail serious consequences.
C.It will enable people to be more creative.
D.It will more often than not end in regret.
W: Thank you．Jack．
M: How about the visit by the delegation from Poland？
W: Well．I still don't get it．Do we know when they are coming？
M: We offered them 3 choices．The end of March,the middle of April and the beginning of May．
W: Yeah．
M: And they chose the earliest one,which is good because we are rather busy in May．
W: True. But we do need definite dates of their coming and how many are coming. There were six of them last time. Did they say eight this time？ My assistant needs to make a firm booking for their accommodations now. Otherwise it will be very difficult to find a hotel.
M: You are right. They said six to eight originally, but we got an E-mail this morning, saying it is going to he seven. Now we've got the definite number, we can make all the other bookings for them.
W: Good. That gives us eight weeks until they come.
M: Right. Here are my suggestions for their schedule. They will be with the university for five days. On the first day, I think they should visit our campus. The second day we can show them around the downtown. This will give them a general picture of the changes in today's China. And the last three days are for discussion and seminars.
W: OK. Do we need to invite some other famous professors from other universities？
M: That's a good idea. But no more than five are needed.
W: Right. I will arrange that.
(23)
A．At the end of March.
B．In the middle of April.
C．At the beginning of May.
D．At the end of May.
A．Individual.
B．Small businesses.
C．Major corporations.
D．The government,
A．Family background.
B．Age.
C．Religious belief.
D．Custom.
Tornadoes, whirlwinds, and watersprouts are rotating funnel cloud air masses of small diameter. They are differentiated by the intensity of their rotation and by the surfaces that they traverse. Though tornadoes and whirlwinds both travel over land masses, whirlwinds are atmospheric systems smaller than tornadoes. Watersprouts are tornadoes that form. or pass over a water surface. A tornado is a powerful vortex or "twister" whose rotational speeds are estimated to be near 300 miles per hour. The first visible indication of tornado development is usually a funnel cloud. As this funnel dips earthward, it becomes darker because of the debris that is forced into its intensifying vortex. Some tornadoes give no visible warning Until their destruction strikes the unsuspecting victim. Tornadoes often occur in groups, and several twisters sometimes descend from the same cloud base. The forward speed of a tornado is normally 30 to 40 miles per hour. In the short time that it takes to pass, a tornado can cause fantastic destruction. There have been cases reported in which blades of straw were embeded in fence posts.
How are tornadoes distinguished from whirlwinds？
A．Whirlwinds rotate in a different direction than tornadoes do.
B．Tornadoes travel over land and whirlwinds over water.
C．Tornadoes are larger than whirlwinds.
D．Only tornadoes are funnel-shaped.
A．They occur only at night.
B．They are funnel-shaped.
C．They pick up debris from the ground.
D．They are water-laden.
A．Descending from different cloud bases.
B．Occurring in isolated areas.
C．Lasting a long time.
D．Occurring in groups.
A．produce a sound similar to thunder
B．cannot be seen until it is too late
C．look so much like other clouds
D．carry so many large pieces of debris
A．the gradual transformation of snow flakes
B．the formation of crystals
C．the long gestation of a baby
D．the formation of air bubbles
A．enforce the principle of "positive reinforcement"
B．continue advocating rewarding system in America
C．put more emphasis on use of punishment
D．try to limit the use of rewards and incentives
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