题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Scientists employ many modern techniques to ______ the origin of the world.
A．watch
B．grasp
C．treat
D．probe
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更多“Scientists employ many modern …”相关的问题
A．the finagle factor exerts its influence not only on scientific research but also on industrial manufacture
B．apart from scientists, manufacturers may also employ finagle factor to their advantage
C．the finagle factor cannot suggest that scientists were dishonest
D．controversy may result from the finagle factor
Voici une liste de titres, veuillez en choisir un pour présenter et rédiger un texte de 150 à 250 mots. Indiquez à la fin le nombre des mots employés. 1. L'étude du marxisme en Chine 2. Sur la révolution capitaliste en Chine 3. La réforme et l'ouverture : la mémoire d'une génération 4. Le cinéma fait réfléchir 5. La force de l'exemple 6. Les nouveaux médias en force 7. Les valeurs essentielles socialistes 8. La vocation d'un travailleur culturel 9. La lutte contre le terrorisme 10. Initiative Ceinture et Route, une nouvelle chance pour tous 11. La cruelle leçon que l'histoire nous a donnée 12. La science en faveur de l'humanité ？
根据下列文章,请回答 51～65 题。
Solar Storm
At the end of October 2003, A sudden solar storm hit the earth. A solar storm refers to the large a mounts of charged particles released into space __________ (51) the solar energy increases. The release of the energy __________ (52) place along with the activity of the sunspots with A cycle of 11 years. This time, the __________ (53) of the storm exceeded expectations.
This __________ (54) of intense solar storm was caused by the eruption of A solar flare (闪光) and the ejection (喷发) of the solar coron A(日冠) on October 28, 2003. Large a mounts of charged particles moved 150,000,000 kilometers through space toward the __________ (55) in 19 hours. They could a ffect aircra ft roa ming (漫游) in space.
The high-energy particles will __________ (56) some of the parts of an aircra ft. They may also cause it to fail. High-energy particles can threaten the sa fety of an aircra ft at A high orbit. If an aircra ft orbits at Alower orbit, it is __________ (57) because it is under the protection of the earth's ma gnetic field.
A solar storm not only a ffects aircra ft but also is a __________ (58) to the environment and humans. The a erosphere and ma gnetic field of the earth can __________ (59) humans from ultra violet radiation and X-rays. While most of the X-rays are absorbed a fter they enter the a erosphere (大气层), still A few can __________ (60) the ground.
The geoma gnetic storm caused by this round of solar storm reaches its highest level on the two __________ (61) of the earth, which a ffects electricity supply of North America . Overexposure to __________ (62) threatens the health of passengers on planes flying over the Polar Regions. If we fly in the sky during suchA solarstorm, it __________ (63) we receive ten times the X-ray radiation. It's really da ma ging.
Scientists say A solar eruption is like the sun sneezing, which will make the earth _________ (64) A cold. Though this natural force is irresistible, scientists can still _________ (65) its movement accurately by monitoring. Facing successive solar storms, humans can't drop their guard.
第 51 题
A．since
B．when
C．until
D．though
SECTION 3
Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Hitherto, there is no evidence yet that would definitively prove whether or
not some dinosaurs were warm-blooded, but scientists have begun to investigate
oxygen isotopic abundances in the annual growth bands of teeth or bones of high
latitude, hence seasonally influenced, terrestrial dinosaurs. The ratio of oxygen
(5) isotopes depends on temperature, and an absence of seasonal variations in
oxygen 18—a heavy version of the common oxygen 16 atom—would strongly
suggest that the animals maintained a constant internal temperatures. Such a
finding would not, however, constitute "proof" that dinosaurs were warm
blooded, as there are external mechanisms that cold-blooded animals employ to
(10) regulate body temperatures and thereby influence metabolic rates. More
nettlesome is that proof would have to come from discovery of intact dinosaur
remains in which the soft tissue had not been replaced or altered, and from
which the biomolecules responsible for thermoregulation could be extracted
identified and characterized. Such a proof is unlikely, as it would require an
(15) almost impossible level of preservation over 65 million years, plus the advent of
biotechnology that does not yet exist.
The author's primary purpose is to
A．answer a theoretical question in the field of dinosaur thermoregulation
B．discuss the current state of research in the field of dinosaur thermoregulation
C．resolve a dispute in the field of dinosaur thermoregulation research
D．predict a future crisis in the field of dinosaur thermoregulation research
E．suggest some of the possible benefits of a technique in dinosaur thermoregulation research
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
For years there have been endless .articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just a round the corner, but they haven't yet found the right clock.
Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can't beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a ma chine？ The answer is that the machine doesn't do anything clever in playing Chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force(残忍的)search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don't play chess that way. They see pat terns, which computers don't.
This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark(特征)of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.
From the passage we know that the author ______.
A．thinks that scientists are about to achieve artificial intelligence
B．doubts whether scientists can ever achieve artificial intelligence
C．does not think that scientists have found real artificial intelligence
D．is sure that scientists have achieved artificial intelligence
Mesoscale phenomena--the oceanic analogue of weather terms--often extend to distances of 100 kilometers and persist for 100 days (weather systems generally extend about 1 000 kilometers and last 3 to 5 days in any given area). More than 90 percent of the kinetic energy of the entire ocean may be accounted for by mesoscale variability rather than by large-scale currents. Mesoscale phenomena may, in fact, play a significant role in oceanic mixing air-sea interactions, and' occasional but far-reaching climate events such as EI Nino ,the atmospheric-oceanic disturbance in the equatorial Pacific that affects global weather patterns.
Unfortunately, it is not feasible to use conventional techniques to measure mesoscale fields. To measure them properly, monitoring equipments would have to be laid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers, with sensors at each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for many months. Because using these techniques would be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming, it was proposed in 1975 that tomography (X射线断层摄影技术) be adapted to measuring the physical properties of the ocean. In medical tomography X-rays map the human body's density variations (and hence internal organs); the information from the X-rays, transmitted through the body along many different paths, is recombined to form. three-dimensional images of the body's interior. It is primarily this multiplicative increase in data obtained from the multi-path transmission of signals that accounts for oceanographers' attraction to tomography: it allows the measurement of vast areas with relatively few instruments. Researchers reasoned that low-frequency sound waves ,because they are so well described mathematically and because even small perturbations(动摇) in emitted sound waves can be detected, could be transmitted through the ocean over many different paths and that the properties of the ocean's interior-its temperature, salinity, density and speed of currents-could be deduced on the basis of how the ocean altered the signals. Their initial trials were highly successful, and ocean acoustic tomography was born.
Which of the following is TRUE according to Para. 1？
A．Nowadays, scientists pictured the circulation of ocean's water mass as consisting of large slow-moving currents.
B．Before 1965 ,the concept of scientists produced only a rough approximation of the true circulation.
C．Researchers began to do research on the developed techniques and equipment.
D．These instruments disclosed an expected level of variability in the deep ocean.
Glen Evans, chief executive of Egea Biosciences in San Diego, California, acknowledges regretfully that despite seeking his expert opinion—in return for which he was presented with the poster of the striking Mr. Henstridge that hangs on his office wall—the producers of "Species" did not hew very closely to his suggestions about the feasibility of their script. ideas. Still, they had come to the right man. Dr Evans believes that his firm will soon be able to create, if not an alien succubus, at least a tiny biological machine made of artificial proteins that could mimic the behavior. of a living cell.
Making such proteins will require the ability to synthesize long stretches of DNA. Existing technology for synthesizing DNA can manage to make genes that encode a few dozen amino acids, but this is too short to produce any interesting proteins. Egea's technology, by contrast, would allow biologists to manufacture genes wholesale. The firm's scientists can make genes long enough to encode 6,000 amino acids. They aim to synthesize a gene for 30,000 amino acids within two years.
Using a library of the roughly 1,500 possible "motifs" or folds that a protein can adopt, Egea's scientists employ computers to design new proteins that are likely to have desirable shapes and properties. To synthesize the DNA that encodes these proteins, Egea uses a machine it has dubbed the "genewriter". Dr. Evans likens this device to a word-processor for DNA, on which you can type in the sequence of letters defining a piece of DNA and get that molecule out.
As Egea extends the length of DNA it can synthesize, Dr. Evans envisages encoding not just proteins, but entire biochemical pathways, which are teams of proteins that conduct metabolic processes. A collection of such molecules could conceivably function as a miniature machine that would operate in the body and attack disease, just as the body's own defensive cells do. Perhaps Dr. Evans and his colleagues ought to get in touch with their friends in Hollywood.
This passage is mainly
A．about a new application of computers.
B．a review of a science-fiction movie.
C．about synthesizing interesting DNA.
D．a survey of scientific breakthroughs.
A computer scientist at the University of Warwick in England has devised a way to use an Xbox 360 to detect heart defects and help prevent heart attacks. The new tool has the potential to revolutionize the medical industry because it is both faster and cheaper than the computer systems that are currently used by scientists to perform. complex heart research.
The system, detailed in a study in the August edition of the Journal of Computational Biology and Chemistry, is based on a video-game demo created by Simon Scarle two years ago when he was a software engineer at Microsoft's Rare studio, the division of the U.S.-based company that designs games for the Xbox 360. Scarle modified a chip in the console so that instead of producing graphics for the game, it now delivers data tracking how electrical signals in the heart move around damaged cardiac cells. This creates a model of the heart that allows doctors to identify heart defects or conditions such as arrhythmia, a disturbance in the normal rhythm of the heart that causes it to pump less effectively.
"This is a clever use of a processing chip ... to speed up calculations of heart rhythm.
What used to take hours can be calculated in seconds, without having to employ an extremely expensive, high-performance computer," Denis Noble, director of Computational Physiology at Oxford University, tells TIME.
To create a heart model now, researchers must use supercomputers or a network of PCs to crunch millions of mathematical equations relating to the proteins, cells and tissues of the heart, a time-consuming and costly process. Scarle's Xbox system can deliver the same results at a rate five times faster and 10 times more cheap, according to the study.
"These game consoles aren't just glorified toys. [They] are pieces of very powerful computing hardware," Scarle says. "I can see this ... being most useful for student sand early-career scientists to just quickly and cheaply grab that extra bit of computing power they otherwise wouldn't be able to get."
Scarle attributes his breakthrough creation to his unusual background of working as a software engineer in the gaming industry and performing electrocardio-dynamics research at the University of Sheffield in England. The idea for the heart-modeling tool came from a "little shooter game" he developed at Microsoft in which a player tries to gun down enemies in an arena meant to resemble a heart. "I did a game-ified version of my old cardiac code. I could actually present some 'proper' science [based on] the cool things us game developers do," Scarle says.
The Xbox 360 isn't the only video-game console that is being used for scientific research. At the University of Massachusetts campus in Dartmouth, scientists are using Sony PlayStations to simulate black-hole collisions to try to solve the mystery of what happens when a super massive black hole swallows a star.
So perhaps parents shouldn't be too worried if their children are spending an inordinate amount of time playing video games. Who knows, today's Grand Theft Auto or Halo addict may end up discovering a new moon around Saturn or finding a cure for cancer.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Xbox 360？
A．It is a popular video-game.
B．It was originally developed to detect heart defects.
C．It is a good example that video games can benefit human beings.
D．It is preferred by the medical industry in terms of its speed and cost.
In May 2004, agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) showed up at Brandon Mayfield's law office and arrested him in connection with the March 2004 bombing of a train station in Madrid(马德里), Spain. The Oregon lawyer was a suspect (嫌犯)because several experts had matched one of his fingerprints to a print found near the scene of the terrorist attack.
But Mayfield was innocent (清白的). When the truth was found 2 weeks later, he was set free from jail. Still, Mayfield had suffered unnecessarily(受罪), and he's not alone.
Police officers often use fingerprints successfully to catch criminals. However, according to a recent study by criminologist(犯罪学家) Simon Cole of the University of California, Irvine, authorities may make as many as 1,000 incorrect fingerprint matches each year in the United States.
"The cost of a wrong decision is very high," says Anil K. Jain, a computer scientist at Michigan State University in East Lansing.
Jain is one of a number of researchers around the world who are trying to develop improved computer systems for making accurate fingerprint matches. These scientists sometimes even engage in competitions in which they test their fingerprint-verification (核实) software to see which way works best.
The work is important because fingerprints have a role not just in crime solving but also in everyday life. A fingerprint scan may someday be your ticket to getting into a building, logging on to a computer, withdrawing money from an ATM, or getting your lunch at school.
The title of this article most probably is ______.
A．Fingerprint Evidence
B．Fingerprint and Computer
C．The Mistakes of Fingerprinting
D．Fingerprint Matching
Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth. Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory. Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered. The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.
In recent years a sharp value distinction has grown up between science and technology. Advances in science have frequently had their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science. For these people, science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control.
Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries. Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These innovations tend to transform. traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.
Science is, as the author argues, similar to technology in that ______.
A．it involves a long process of change
B．it focuses on the casual aspects of the material world
C．it resorts to experiments as an exclusive method of research
D．it is concerned about the theoretical development
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