题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
To achieve good grades in examinations at university, you need to:
have academic ability.
be ______ .
think clearly.
observe time management practices.
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A、初始条件用于确定积分常量，使不定积分变成定积分； The initial conditions are used to determine the integral constant so that the antiderivative becomes a definite integral;
B、初始条件用于确定积分常量，使定积分变成不定积分； The initial condition is used to determine the integral constant so that the definite integral becomes the antiderivative;
C、初始条件用于确定初始速度； The initial conditions are used to determine the initial velocity;
D、初始条件用于确定初始位置； Initial conditions are used to determine the initial position;
A library is more than just a place where books are stored. A library is a source of information. The information may come from books (fiction , nonfiction, or reference book), from periodicals (newspapers, magazines, and journals), from audio-visual materials (records, cassettes, microfilms, video tapes, etc.), or even from a computer terminal.
Students go to libraries to study and write research papers. The periodicals room of a university library is where foreign students often find newspapers and magazines from their countries . In the reference room, they can find catalogs(目录) from many universities in the U.S. and other countries. If you are buying a used car, the reference librarian can show you the Blue Book which lists the prices of new and used cars. People who need information in a hurry can telephone the reference librarian at many libraries.
There are as many different library services as there are types of people who use them. Children’s libraries provide materials for young readers. They sometimes have storytellers who read stories to groups of children , and a few have computers for the children to play with. Music lovers can listen to recordings of their favorite musicians in music libraries . Some libraries have painting and sculpture exhibits, and most libraries offer special services for blind people, such as books in Braille, ―talking‖ books , and Kurzweil Reading Machines.
Libraries provide entertainment as well as information. Novels and short stories from a library’s fiction collection are a good source of enjoyable reading practice. Public libraries often sponsor lectures on topics of interest to member of the community, and a few even offer concerts and films. No matter what your interests are, you will find that a library can be a great place to enjoy yourself while you learn.
1.What is another name for a library?()
A.A bookstore.
B.The periodicals room.
C.A reference librarian.
D.The information place
2.In the reference room of the library you can find().
A. the fiction collection
B. newspapers and magazines
C. university catalogs
D. materials for young readers
3.Which of the following is NOT an example of a library service?()
A. Used cars.
B. Art exhibits.
C. Children’s storytellers.
D. Kurzweil Reading Machines
4."A library can be a great place to enjoy yourself while you learn." This means you can()in a library.
A. talk and laugh as much as you want
B. find entertainment and information
C. play with computers
D. enjoy yourself by doing everything you can
5.What is the main idea of the whole text? Choose the BEST answer.()
A. There are many kinds of libraries.
B. There are many books stored in a library.
C. Libraries provide entertainment.
D. Libraries offer many different services.
STUDENT: Good morning, Dr Reed. This assignment you've given us is the first psychology experiment I've had to do and I'm not sure where to begin or which steps to take.
LECTURER: Well, conducting your first psychology experiment can be quite a complicated and confusing process but just remember that like other sciences, psychology uses the scientific method and bases its conclusions upon empirical evidence.
STUDENT: What do you mean by "empirical" evidence？
LECTURER: Ah, well, empirical evidence is established by observation rather than theory.
STUDENT: And the scientific method？
LECTURER: Oh, yes, when conducting an experiment you need to follow a few basic steps.
STUDENT: I know the first step is to come up with a research question or problem.
LECTURER: Yes, a question that can be tested.
STUDENT: How do I find an appropriate question？
LECTURER: I would suggest one of three methods. Firstly, you can investigate a commonly held belief or what we call "folk" psychology.
STUDENT: I see. So, I could examine the belief that staying up all night to study for an important exam can adversely affect test performance？
LECTURER: That's right. In that case you would compare the scores of students who stayed up all night with those of students who got a good night's sleep.
STUDENT: I think I could do that.
LECTURER: Well, alternatively, you might want to consider reviewing the literature on psychology. You know, published studies can be a good source of unanswered research questions. I'm sure you've read papers where the authors note the need for further research.
STUDENT: So I would come up with some questions that remain unanswered？
LECTURER: Correct. But there is a third source of ideas: just think about everyday problems and then consider how you could investigate potential solutions.
STUDENT: Okay...perhaps I could study various memorization strategies to find out which are the most effective.
LECTURER: That's the idea. Next, you need to define the variables--you know, anything that might have an effect on the outcome of your research.
STUDENT: Yes, I remember we learnt about that last week.
LECTURER: Yes. That's right. Then you have to develop a testable hypothesis that predicts how the variables are related.
STUDENT: For example: "Students who are sleep deprived will perform. worse in an exam than students who are not sleep deprived"？
LECTURER: Exactly. Once you have developed a hypothesis you must carry out background research.
STUDENT: I can use books, journals, online databases and websites？
LECTURER: Yes, all of those. I covered the reasons for background research in last Friday's lecture, didn't I？ What you have to remember at this stage is to take careful notes and generate a bibliography of your sources.
STUDENT: Okay, I've got that...then, I'm ready to develop an experimental design？
LECTURER: Well, again you have a choice. There are three basic designs and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. The pre-experimental design does not include a control group so there is no comparison. What we call a quasi-experimental design does incorporate a control group but there is no randomization whereas a true experimental design has both control groups and random assignment to groups.
STUDENT: You've also told us about standardization of procedures—is this where that comes in？—being sure to compare apples to apples...
LECTURER: Absolutely. Going back to your sleep deprivation example...the same exam would have to be given to each participant in the same way at the same time, etcetera.
STUDENT: Got it.
LECTURER: When selecting subjects, you need to consider different techniques. If you were to go through with your sleep deprivation experiment, you would need to ensure that your experimental and control groups were standardized, that is, all third year accounting students, for instance. A simple random sample involves choosing a number of participants from a group of similar people. On the other hand, a different kind of study might involve a stratified random sample where participants are randomly chosen from different subsets of the population.
STUDENT: You mean...subsets with distinctive characteristics...like age, gender, race, socioeconomic status and so on.
LECTURER: Precisely. Then the next step is to actually conduct the experiment and collect the data.
STUDENT: Then I have to analyze the data.
LECTURER: I'll be dealing with the statistical methods for analyzing data in next week's lecture.
STUDENT: Oh good. I guess all that's left then is to write up the data？
LECTURER: Yes, communicating your results is important and in the next couple of lectures I'll be covering the format and structure of a psychology paper and tips for writing each section.
STUDENT: Thank you, Dr Reed. I feel much more confident in getting started now. Thank you for taking the time to see me.
"Research Methodology"
Close scientific method based on empirical evidence (= (21) )
Find a research problem or question
—a commonly held belief e.g. lack of sleep has negative impact on (22)
—review the literature
—an everyday problem: e.g. research different memorization (23)
Define your variables
Develop a hypothesis
Conduct (24) research
—books; jumbles; online databases websites
—make noises and create (25)
Select an experimental design
—pre-experimental = experimental group only
—quasi-experimental = include control group but not random
—true experimental = both kinds of groups + random
Standardize your (26)
—compare like with like
Choose your participants
Close different (27)
—random sample = select from same group
—stratified random sample = select from subsets with different (28)
Conduct tests and collect data
Analyze the results
—use (29) methods (to be covered next week)
Write up and communicate results
— (30) and ......of paper is important; tips for writing (to be covered next two weeks)
(21)
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