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[单选题]

阅读下面短文,完成 2~6 题。疫病是随着人类进入农耕社会形成规模的聚居而发生的,并往往随着族群迁徙、商贸往来、征战侵略而传播。疫病对人们的社会行为、生活方式、思想与世界观的变革产生了重大的影响,甚至促进了各种社会的转型。在14—17世纪从地中海地区传到欧洲大部分地区的“黑死病”瘟疫产生的影响是历史性和世界性的。首先,欧洲西部的封建制度受到沉重打击。“黑死病”涉及地区人口死亡多达1/4甚至1/2,造成了劳动力的奇缺,封建庄园对农奴的人身[1]不得不松弛以至[2],封建等级制的土地占有关系也难以维持,人对于自身生命、成就、价值观念在这场瘟疫的冲击中开始发展,人文主义的思潮涌现出来。文艺复兴正是在这个时期兴起的,这也是由于天主教会传统的信条和仪式在瘟疫和死亡面前显得软弱无力,许多人不得不思考自己如何在非常的环境中拯救自己,文艺复兴的思想对他们就有强烈的吸引力,因为它表现了对健康、完美与幸福的向往。瘟疫在欧洲人的地理大发现和殖民侵略中起到了更可怕的作用,法国史学家拉杜里称之为“疫病带来的全球一体化”。哥伦布“发现新大陆”和随之而来的西班牙、葡萄牙殖民者入侵美洲,他们带来的疫病成为美洲本地人最大的杀手。美洲本地人在孤立的状态下,对外来的疾病毫无抵抗力,绝大多数在西方殖民者入侵后100年中陆续死亡。这就为欧洲人征服美洲及、大量殖民提供了条件,但也造成了劳动力短缺的问题。后来上千万非洲黑人被运往美洲当奴隶,特别是运到加勒比海、巴西等美洲本地人灭绝殆尽的地方。当然,美洲也将梅毒等疫病传到欧洲,梅毒的出现对欧洲近代性伦理及生活方式也有很大影响。此后,欧洲殖民者对大洋洲的入侵,也使当地居民的大多数因其带来的疫病而死亡。欧洲殖民者在全世界的侵略扩张也带来了疾病的全球一体化,它影响到了今天世界人口的分布和“西方人”在其中的优势地位。在世界历史上几次重大转折中,瘟疫都扮演了一个重要角色。如果不能沿着正确的方向以正确的方式应对疫病带来的挑战,这个社会与这种文化就会衰亡,反之这个社会与文化就会延续发展。在解开许多古代文明的兴亡之迷时,疫病是值得考虑的一个重要因素。现代社会尽管有了先进的科技与医疗手段,但从艾滋病到“非典”的一系列的疫病流行,说明人类与疫病的斗争仍将继续下去。第 2 题 填入[1][2]中恰当的词语是()。

A.束缚瓦解

B.约束分解

C.管理分化

D.管制放纵

提问人:网友luoyong919 发布时间:2022-01-06
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更多“阅读下面短文,完成 2~6 题。 疫病是随着人类进入农耕社会…”相关的问题
第1题
阅读下面这首古诗,完成6—7题即事【1】文天祥痛哭辞京阙,微行访海门。久无鸡可听,新有虱堪扪。白发应多长,苍头【2】少有存。但令身未死,随力报乾坤。注:苍头:这里指士卒、奴仆。6.下列对本诗的理解与赏析,不正确的一项是()

A.微行访海门中的访字写出诗人谨慎打听道路的情态

B.新有虱堪扪中的虱堪扪写出了诗人狼狈的逃亡生活

C.苍头少有存中的少有存用夸张手法写出了存亡之险

D.但令身未死中的但突出表达了诗人报效国家的意愿

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第2题
阅读下面文言短文。完成题。(14题中每小题2分,15题2分,共6分)赵襄主学御于王子期①,俄而与子期逐②,

阅读下面文言短文。完成题。(14题中每小题2分,15题2分,共6分)

赵襄主学御于王子期①,俄而与子期逐②,三易马而三后◎。襄主日:“子之教我御,术未尽也。”对日:“术已尽,用之则过也。凡御之所贵,马体安于车,人心调④于马,而后可以进速致远。今君后则欲逮臣,先则恐逮于臣。夫诱⑤道争远,非先则后也;而先后心在于臣,上何以调于马?

此君之所以后也。”

注:①赵襄主:赵襄子。御:驾车。王子期:古时善于驾车的人。②逐:追赶,这里指驾车赛马。③易:更换。

后:方位名词做动词,落后。④调:协调。⑤诱:引导。

翻译文中画线句子。

(1)术已尽,用之则过也。

(2)人心调于马,而后可以追速致远。

查看材料

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第3题
第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测

第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题,每题1分,共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Friendly Relations with the people Around

1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness(归属)that you must have to feel secure. But, In fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himsefl in bound(一定的)to be a lonely wolf.

2 The need for companionship is closely realated to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.

3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You don’t know them. When the game is over, you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.

4 An experience of this kind gives the clue(线索)to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.

5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances(熟人), you may not know with whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.

第23题:Paragraph2 ______________

A Close Link Between Companionship and Belongingness

B How to Satisfy Other People’s Needs

C An Example of a Satisfying Relationship

D Difficulties in Establishing Friendships

E What Companionship Really Is

F Making Friends With New Acquaintances

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第4题
阅读理解四、阅读理解:共10 题。要求你阅读以下短文,并根据短文的内容回答问题。 阅读下面短文,

阅读理解四、阅读理解:共10 题。要求你阅读以下短文,并根据短文的内容回答问题。

阅读下面短文,完成61-65 题。

鲤鱼们都想跳过龙门。因为,只要跳过龙门,他们就会从普普通通的鱼变成超凡脱俗的龙了。可是,龙门太高他们一个个累得精疲力竭,摔碰得鼻青眼肿,却没有一个能够跳过去。他们一起向龙王请求:? 尊敬的殿下,请您把龙门降低一点吧!如果连一条鲤鱼都跳不过去,这龙门不等于虚设了吗?”龙王不答应,鲤鱼们就跪在龙王面前不起来。他们跪了九九八十一天,龙王终于被感动了,他们都兴高采烈地变成了龙。不久,成了龙的鲤鱼们发现,大家都成了龙,跟大家都不是龙的时候并没有两样。于是,他们又一起找到龙王,说出自己心中的疑惑。龙王笔道:“真正的龙门是不能降低的。你们要想找到真正龙的感觉,还是去跳那座投有降低高度的龙门吧。”

第61题:鲤鱼整天都想跳过龙门,把自己变成龙,是因为:

A.龙具有超凡脱俗的本邻 B.龙能兴风降雨,统治天地 C.龙力大无比;能飞能走 D.龙既有角,又有鳞

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第5题
第三部分:概括大意与完成句子(每题1分,共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)

第三部分:概括大意与完成句子(每题1分,共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)23---26 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27--30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项,分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Adult Education

1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills.

2 This kind of education may be in the form. of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs and professional associations.

3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.

4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics' institution in Glasgow. Benjamin Franklin and some friends found the earliest adult education institution in the U.S. in Philadelphia in 1727.

5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.

第23题:Paragraph 2___________

A. Necessity for developing adult education

B. Early days of adult education

C. Ways of receiving adult education

D. Growth of adult education

E. Institutions of adult education

F. Definition of adult education

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第6题
阅读下面短文,根据所给语境,按要求完成下列各题。阅读下面表格中Li Lei的笔友Jack情况,回答所提出
的问题。每阅读下面短文,根据所给语境,按要求完成下列各题。 阅读下面表格中Li Lei的笔友Jack情况,回答所提出的问题。每空一词。 Information from of Jack Name Jack Language English Chinese name Li Yun hobbies Music and football Age 17 Favorite subject math Nationality The USA Favorite movie Kong Fu 小题1: How old is he _________ 17 years old. 小题2:Where does he come from He _______ from _________. 小题3: What language does he speak He _______ __________. 小题4:What kind of sports does he like He _______ __________. 小题5:What’s his favorite subject\ ________ is his ________ subject.

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第7题
根据下列短文回答 23~30 题。 阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第1~4题要求从所给的6

根据下列短文回答 23~30 题。

阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第1~4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个正确的小标题:(2)第5"--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。

Even Intelligent People Can Fail

1.The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modem world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the Web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cell phone (手机). The innovators who' left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.

2.We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey US He did that on October 22, 1879, and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. There years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhahan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on, on September 4th, 1882.

3."Many of life's failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up" Before that magical moment in October I879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in only two cases did his experiments work.

4.No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: "You only fail when you quit."

5.Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the model T car.

6.Failure is harder to bear in today's open, accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily, that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen's company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn't. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.

第 23 题 Paragraph 2_______________

A.Importance of learning from failure

B.Quality shared by most innovators

C.Edison's innovation

D.Edison's comment on failure

E.Contributions made by innovators

F.Miseries endured by innovators

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第8题
阅读下面一段短文,然后回答下列 36~38 小题。 第 36 题 概括本片段的大意。作者的观点是什么?

阅读下面一段短文,然后回答下列 36~38 小题。

第 36 题 概括本片段的大意。作者的观点是什么?

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第9题
根据短文回答 23~30 题。 阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第1~4题要求从所给的6个选

根据短文回答 23~30 题。

阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第1~4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5~8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子。

Messages from the Media

1.The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) form. is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.

2.It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products.

3.Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think, for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source? of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, Television."

4.Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication--a book.

5.We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and form. opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help us decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form. opinions about questions of war and peace.第 23 题 Paragraph 2_____________

A.Importance of Classroom Learning

B.Television-A Rich Source of information

C.Advertisements as Important Messages from the Mass Media

D.Various Messages One May Receive Each Day

E.Media-Means to Communicate Messages

F.Importance of the Mass Media

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第10题
第二节 完型填空 阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳

第二节 完型填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

When I was there, he was still working. He said that he【1】for the last two hours【2】that he was going to stop【3】. He added that if I had arrived ten minutes later, I【4】at home. When I mentioned that the house looked quite【5】, he said that the woman【6】usually cleaned it had been sick for some time and【7】for over a week. When I asked him【8】he did not do it himself, he said that he【9】to do so if Mrs. Jones did not come the【10】day.

(41)

A.was working

B.had been working

C.had worked

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