The word "hammock" in this passage means a suspension cage which can be swung to and fro i
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The word hammock in this passage means ______.
A.a suspension cage which can be swung to and fro in the air
B.a seat hanging by two ropes from the branch of a tree
C.a suspension bridge in the South American rain forests
D.a net hung between two supports and used as a bed
When was the hammock invented and by whom?
A.The Indians had invented the hammock long before they came to South America.
B.The Indians had invented the hammock long before the Europeans came to South America.
C.The Europeans invented the hammock after they made acquaintance with the Indians.
D.The Europeans had invented the hammock before they went to South America.
The Indians had invented the hammock long before the Europeans came to South America.
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A.against
B.apart
C.aside
D.ahead
Indians swing the hammock to ______.
A.pray to heaven for a gift
B.keep away flies, mosquitoes and other insects
C.keep away wild animals
D.all asleep quickly
In a new book called The Joy of Laziness: How to Slow Down and Live Longer, Dr. Peter Axt, retired professor of health science at Fulda University near Frankfurt, and his daughter, Dr. Michaela AxtGadermann, a GP, say that everybody has a limited amount of "life energy" and that the speed with which it is consumed determines their life span.
They argue that high energy activities, such as pounding the treadmill at the gym, accelerates the aging process and makes the body more susceptible to illness. "A more relaxed way of life is important for your health," said Dr. Axt-Gadermann. "If you lead a stressful life and exercise excessively, your body produces hormones which lead to high blood pressure and can damage your heart and arteries."
Dr. Axt-Gadermann said that one key difference between the lazy and those who exercise was that the more active body produces more "free radicals"--unstable oxygen molecules that are believed to speed the aging process. She added: "Laziness is also important for a healthy immune system because special immune-cells are stronger in times of relaxation than stress. During relaxation or 'down time', your metabolism is less active, which means the body produces fewer free radicals."
"If you do a lot of sport or are permanently stressed, then your body will produce more free radicals and that is one reason why your life could be shortened." Dr. Axt-Gadermann and her father also say that laughing is healthier than running. "When you laugh, your body produces the hormone serotonin which makes you feel happy and relaxed," said Dr. Axt-Gadermann. "The heartbeat races and blood pressure is raised for a short while, without activating your metabolism and producing the free radicals which spend your life energy. Basically, laughing is a good training session without the negative side-effects."
To illustrate the theory that laziness equals longevity, The Joy of Laziness also suggests that early risers are more prone to stress and that late sleepers live longer because they conserve' their energy. "People who would rather laze in a hammock instead of running a marathon, or who take a nap instead of playing squash, have a better chance of living into old age."
The Joy of laziness, which is published soon, will be essential reading for Dan Kieran. the 29-year old deputy editor of The Idler, a literary magazine. "This book definitely makes sense to me," said Mr. Kieran. "I spend one day a week in the office and the rest of my time involved in a lot of relaxation. Having the right amount of laziness in your life is a vital component to being happy. We live in a culture of guilt, where laziness is scorned. However. I firmly believe that we do not need to do half as much exercise as people think and it is very important to just lie down and do nothing sometimes," he said.
The medical establishment, however, is skeptical. Dr. Vivienne Nathanson, the head of science and ethics at the British Medical Association, said that moderate exercise should not be set aside in favour of lazing around. "It is a very tempting theory as so often, many of us feel that we cannot be bothered with exercise," she said. "However, I would not agree that people have a set amount of expendable energy during a lifetime and that exercise is bad for you. In fact, done sensibly, exercise lowers the blood pressure, improves your metabolic state and can improve health and contribute to a longer life." Dr. Graham Archard, the vice chairman of the Royal College of General Practitioners, said: "I can understand why the book might sell well as it is always nice to be told that you can sit on your backside and do nothing."
The word "sloths" in the first paragraph probably means ______.
A.ordinary people.
B.lazy bones.
C.lazy habits.
D.retired professors.
Passage One
June 15, 2005
Dear Sir,
Your shipment of twelve thousand "Smart" watches was received by our company this morning. However, we wish to make a number of complaints concerning the serious delay in delivery and your failure to carry out our instructions with redactors.
Late delivery of the goods has caused us to disappoint several of our most valued customers. The second complaint concerns the mismatch in color between the watches we ordered and those delivered.
As a result of the above problems, therefore, we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory. We look forward to your prompt reply.
Yours sincerely,
Marks Swift
Managing Director,
Johnson & Sons Ltd
Passage Two
There are warm tropical regions all over the globe but only the Indians of the South American rain forests have formed the habit of sleeping in the open air. Long before they made painful acquaintance with Europeans, they had invented something that was unique on earth: the hammock.
Nobody really knows who first had the bright idea of making sleeping in the air the symbol of untroubled rest. The Indians see the hammock as a "girl of heaven", something given to them a very long time ago.
In it the Indians pass away hot noon hours, napping or chatting. Swinging it to and fro creates a cooling breath of air and keeps away insects. They work and play in hammocks, are born and die there.
Hung like a suspension bridge between heaven and earth, a hammock is dry while the soil is damp and is safe from most wild animals.
Hammocks have the advantage over beds in that they are easy to transport and take up very little space when they have been rolled up. Indians never go on a journey without their hammocks, not even to their plantations.
Passage Three
As prices and building costs keep rising, the "do-it-yourself' (DIY) trend in the U. S. continues to grow.
"We needed furniture for our living room," says John Ross, "and we just didn't have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs." John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are straggling to make a home at a lime when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for $280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He was a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. "I was deeply upset about it. Now I've finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car b
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