题目内容
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The term "the south" in the third paragraph most probably refers to______.
A．the Southern part of America
B．Mexico
C．the Southern hemisphere
D．the South Africa
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All aboriginal peoples have been affected by contact with contemporary civilization; in some cases, the introduction of disease, warfare, alcohol, and drugs has demoralized and destroyed peoples. Others, such as the Ainu of northern Japan, have become almost wholly assimilated. The greatest degree of racial mixture has occurred among the native Polynesians of Hawaii. The Indian population of the U.S. has extensively intermarried with whites; those Indians living on reservations retain some traditional Indian folkways. In Central and South America and in the Caribbean region, many tribes have become extinct, in most cases after Spanish or Portuguese conquest. Among aborigines who have kept strong elements of their original identity are the Inuit, Maori, Dayak, and Australian aborigines. Tribes in such comparatively inaccessible areas as the Amazon River Basin of South America still live largely according to their traditional cultures.
The word "aborigines" most probably means ______.
A．strong colonists.
B．local inhabitants.
C．poor farmers.
D．native people.
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 meters of deep sea sediment core, they have obtained measurements of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the shout term, there seems to be an inevitable long term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip-a process that takes several hundred thousand years--the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730, 000 years age. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid, geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.
Which of the following titles in most appropriate to the passage？
A．Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature
B．Measurement of the Earth's Magnetic-Field Intensity
C．Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth
D．A New Approach to the Study of Geophysics
Where was the prison located？
A．In the southern state of Tumailimo.
B．In the mining town of Tumailimo.
C．In the jungles southeast of Caracas.
D．To kilometers southeast of Caracas.
The election was held under the system originally established by the Constitution. At that time there was but a single tally, with the candidate receiving the largest number of electoral votes declared President and the candidate with the second largest number declared Vice President. Hamilton anticipated that all the Federalists in the North would vote for Adams and Pinckney equally in an attempt to ensure that Jefferson would not be either first or second in the voting. Pinckney would be solidly supported in the South while Adams would not. Hamilton concluded if it were possible to divert a few electoral votes from Adams to Pinckney, Pinckney would receive more than Adams, yet both Federalists would outpoll Jefferson.
Various methods were used to persuade the electors to vote as Hamilton wished. In the press, anonymous articles were published attacking Adams for his monarchial tendencies and Jefferson for being overly democratic, while pushing Pinckney as the only suitable candidate. In private correspondence with state party leaders the Hamiltonians encouraged the idea that Adams' popularity was slipping, that he could not win the election, and that the Federalists could defeat Jefferson only by supporting Pinckney. Had sectional pride and loyalty not run as high in New England as in the deep South, Pinckney might well have become Washington's successor. New Englanders, however, realized that equal votes for Adams and Pinckney in their states would defeat Adams; therefore, eighteen electors scratched Pinckney's name from their ballots and deliberately threw away their second votes to men who were not even running. It was fortunate for Adams that they did, for the electors from South Carolina completely abandoned him, giving eight votes to Pinckney and eight to Jefferson.
In the end, Hamilton's interference in Pinckney's candidacy lost even the Vice-Presidency of South Carolina. Without New England's support, Pinckney received only 59 electoral votes, finishing third to Adams and Jefferson. He might have been President in 1797, or as Vice President a serious contender for the Presidency in 1800; instead, stigmatized by a plot he had not devised, he served a brief term in the United States Senate and then dropped from sight as a national influence.
The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A．propose reforms of the procedures for electing the President and Vice-President
B．condemn Alexander Hamilton for interfering in the election of 1796
C．describe the political events that lead to John Adams' victory in the 1796 Presidential election
D．contrast the political philosophy of the Federalists to that of Thomas Jefferson
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.
听力原文： Officials in Venezuela say dozens of people have been killed or injured in a prison riot in the southeastern state of Bolivar. Details from VOA's George Mee in our South America Bureau. "The riot occurred at El Dorado Prison, a maximum security facility located in the jungles 700 kilometers southeast of Caracas. Some of the victims were burned to death and others stabbed With home-made knives. The wounded victims of the uprising have been taken to the nearby mining town of Tumailimo for medical treatment. Many are reported inserious condition. Justice Minister Ilalion Calidooso announced the casualties before flying to El Dorado with the national prison director to investigate the incident. The clash began when the inmate went for breakfast at 5:30 in the morning. Officials say the riot was apparently caused by rivalry between longer term inmate and a group that had been transferred to El Dorado from another prison last November. George Mee, VOA News Rio de Janeiro."
Where was the prison located？
A．In the southern state of Tumailimo.
B．In the mining town of Tnmailimo.
C．In the jungles southeast of Caracas.
D．70 kilometers southeast of Caracas.
It is said that the story of coffee started with an Ethiopian goatherd（牧羊人）named Kaldi. One day Kaldi was surprised to see that his goats were behaving very strangely: instead of grazing quietly as normal, they were jumping around, almost dancing. He also noticed that the goats were eating red cherries from a plant. He tried some himself and was surprised by the feeling of extreme happiness and excitement — he felt like dancing, too!
But it wasn’t used as a drink at first, but as food. The coffee berries, mixed with animal fat, were used by monks to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia coffee was later cultivated（种植）in Yemen, and the first hot drink was developed there around 1000 A.D. Three centuries later Muslims were keen coffee drinkers and as Islam spread, so did coffee. Coffee houses appeared in Cairo and Mecca.
For hundreds of years the plants were guarded safely. But some beans were smuggled（偷运）out of Arabia and taken to India. In the 17th century coffee was soon growing on a new continent. From India to Indonesia and then a century later beans were smuggled once again to Brazil — which is now the largest coffee producer in the world.
It is the caffeine, an addictive stimulant（刺激性的）drug, which made the goats dance and kept the monks awake. Although it is found in other drinks, including tea, coffee has the most caffeine. 150 milligrams is the minimum dose needed to stimulate the nervous system and this can be found in a single strong cup of coffee. In the short term a couple of cups can prevent fatigue（疲劳）and delay sleep. But several cups a day, every day, can cause anxiety and restlessness.
6.The red cherries that the goats ate made them _______.
A、 sick
B、 sleepy
C、 excited
D、 tired
7.Coffee as a hot drink first appeared in ________.
A、Ethiopia
B、Yemen
C、Brazil
D、India
8.Coffee as a hot drink was probably spread around the __________.
A、11th century
B、14th century
C、17th century
D、18th century
9.In what order of continents was coffee first discovered and then spread？
A、 South America — Asia — Africa.
B、 Asia — South America — Africa.
C、 Africa — Asia — South America.
D、 Africa — South America — Asia.
10.Several cups of coffee a day can make a person ______.
A、become over-active
B、behave strangely
C、feel anxious
D、stay awake
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 meters of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtained measurements of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable long-term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years—the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730, 000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor (陨星) impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is un. likely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid, geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.
Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage？
A．Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.
B．Measurement of the Earth's Magnetic-Field Intensity.
C．Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.
D．A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.
The election was held under the system originally established by the Constitution. At that time there was but a single tally, with the candidate receiving the largest number of electoral votes declared President and candidate with the second largest number declared Vice- President. Hamilton anticipated that all the Federalists in the North would vote for Adams and Pinckney equally in an attempt to ensure that Jefferson would not be either first or second in the voting. Pinckney would be solidly supported in the South while Adams would not. Hamilton concluded if it were possible to divert a few electoral votes from Adams to Pinckney, Pinckney would receive more than Adams, yet both Federalists would outpoll Jefferson.
Various methods were used to persuade the electors to vote as Hamilton wished. In the press, anonymous articles were published attacking Adams for his monarchial tendencies and Jefferson for being overly democratic, while pushing Pinckney as the only suitable candidate. In private correspondence with state party leaders the Hamiltonians encouraged the idea that Adams' popularity was slipping, that he could not win the election, and that the Federalists could defeat Jefferson only by supporting Pinckney. Had sectional pride and loyalty not run as high in New England as in the deep South, Pinckney might well have become Washington's successor. New Englanders, however, realized that equal votes for Adams and Pinckney in their states would defeat Adams; therefore, eighteen electors scratched Pinckney's name from their ballots and deliberately threw away their second votes to men who were not even running. It was fortunate for Adams that they did, for the electors from South Carolina completely abandoned him, giving eight votes to Pinckney and eight to Jefferson.
In the end, Hamilton's interference in Pinckney's candidacy lost even the Vice-Presidency of South Carolina. Without New England's support, Pinckney received only 59 electoral votes, finishing third to Adams and Jefferson. He might have been President in 1797, or as Vice-President a serious contender for the Presidency in 1800; instead, stigmatized by a plot he had not devised, he served a brief term in the United States Senate and then dropped from sight as a national influence.
The passage supplies information that answers which of the following questions？
A．How many votes were cast for John Adams in the 1796 Presidential election？
B．Under the voting system originally set up by the Constitution, how many votes did each elector cast？
C．Who was Jefferson's running mate in the 1796 Presidential election？
D．What became of Alexander Hamilton after his plan to have Thomas Pinckney elected President failed？
Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment (沉淀物) core, they have obtained measurements lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable long-term decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip—a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated.
The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth’s surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor (陨星) impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth’s inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.
第26题：Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage？
A) Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.
B) Measurement of the Earth’s Magnetic-Field Intensity.
C) Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.
D) A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.
Section D
Conventional wisdom says trees are good for the environment. They absorb carbon dioxide—a greenhouse gas—from the atmosphere and store it as carbon while releasing oxygen, a process for which forests have been called "the lungs of the planet". The roots of trees have been thought to trap sediments and nutrients in the soil. Trees have also been credited with steadying the flow of these rivers, keeping it relatively constant through wet and dry seasons, thus preventing both drought and flooding. It is all nonsense, concludes a research published this week. A four-year international study led by researchers at the University of Newcastle, in Britain, and the Free University of Amsterdam, identifies several myths about the link between forests and water. For example, in arid and semiarid areas, trees consume far more water than they trap. And it is not the trees that catch sediments and nutrients, and steady the flow of the rivers, but the fact that the soil has not been compressed.
The World Commission on Water estimates that the demand for water will increase by around 50% in the next 30 years. Moreover, around 4 billion people—one half of the world’s population—will live in conditions of severe water stress, meaning they will not have enough water for drinking and washing to stay healthy, by 2025.
The government of South Africa has been taking a tough approach to trees since it became the first to treat water as a basic human right in 1998. Trees lose water through evaporation (the technical term is transpiration) at twice the rate of grassland or South Africa’s unique fynbos scrubland. In a scheme praised by the hydrologists, the state penalizes forestry companies for preventing this water from reaching rivers and underground aquifers.
In India, large tree-planting schemes not only lose valuable water but complicate the true problem identified by the hydrologists; the unregulated removal of water from aquifers to irrigate crops. Fanners need no permit to drill a borehole and, as most farmers receive free electricity, there is little economic control on the volume of water pumped. In the Kolar district in Karnataka, wells have dried up as the water table has plummeted from six metres to 150 metres below ground. Summary:
It is commonly believed that trees are good for the environment, as they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen; the roots of trees can trap water and【41】______ the flow of rivers. However, a recent study has found that this belief is【42】______.
According to the research, trees lose【43】______ water through evaporation than they trap. In South Africa, forestry companies are punished as the trees they planted prevented water from【44】______rivers and underground aquifers. In India, farmers drilled many wells and used the underground water to【45】______their farmland. This has lowered water table to 150 metres below ground. Many trees have been planted and in fact these trees complicate the existing problem.
(41)
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