题目内容
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The older a female elephant is, ______.
A．the stronger she will be
B．the poorer memory she will have
C．the more useless her tusks will be
D．the more likely she will be killed
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(51)
A．founding
B．find
C．founded
D．finding
A．The older person is first introduced.
B．The female is first introduced.
C．The person more familiar to him is first introduced.
D．The person less familiar to him is first introduced.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： Learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures.
All languages have obligatory categories of grammar that may be lacking in other languages. Russian unlike English—has an obligatory category for gender which demands that a noun, and often a pronoun, specify whether it is masculine or feminine.
Likewise, when translating an English story into Chinese in which a character identified as cousin appears, a Chinese translator requires to know whether it refers to a male or a female, whether the character is older or younger than the speaker, and whether the character belongs to the family of the speaker's father of mother. Therefore "biaomei" can be translated into English only by the awkward statement "a female cousin on my mother's side and younger than I".
The Russian/English and Chinese/English examples illustrate the basic problem in any translation No matter how skilled translators, they cannot take the language out of the speech community that uses it. Translation obviously is not a simple two-way street between two languages. Rather, it is a busy intersection among at least two languages with all of their peculiar characteristics, the cultures of the two speech communities, and the speech situation in which the statement was uttered.
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A．Because of their age.
B．Because they have no time.
C．Because they are not knowledgeable.
D．Because of the language interference.
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
An enormous variety of relationships between men and women, singly and in groups, meet the definition of marriage. Often the forms of marriage sanctioned by a society are related to the needs of that society. Marriage between two individuals, one male and one female, is known as monogamy. Marriage of three or more individuals is known as polygamy.
Polygyny is a form. of polygamy in which one male is married to more than one female. Polyandry is a form. of polygamy in which one female is married to more than one male. Still another form. of polygamy is group marriage, in which two or more males are married to two or more females. In some societies a polyandrous marriage of two men with one woman may become a group marriage through the addition of a second woman. Not uncommonly in these marriages, the co-husbands are brothers and the added woman is the first wife's sister.
In general, polygyny presupposes a considerable accumulation of wealth and is therefore rarely practice. A polygynous marriage requires more economic resources than a monogamous marriage because in most societies each wife and her children, unless they are sisters, have their own sleeping quarters and sometimes also have their own cooking facilities.
Where polygyny exists, it is practiced largely by the wealthy and the ruling classes, because only these can afford the luxury of having more than one wife. Generally it is the older men, who have lived long enough to acquire capital, who have more than one wife. Younger men have either one wife or none. In some societies where there is an extension of the marriageable ages for women, such as from 13 to 45 years, and a compression of marriageable ages for men, a larger pool of female partners is available, without an overall unbalanced sex ratio. This, too, leads to older men having several wives.
Polygyny is ______.
A．a form. marriage in which at least three individuals are involved
B．a form. of marriage in which two individuals are involved
C．a form. of marriage in which one female is married to raore than one male
D．Both A and C
A．The actress looks younger than her real age.
B．The actress looks older than her real age.
C．The actress looks as old as her real age.
D．The actress looks like the famous actor Mei Lanfang.
第二节 完型填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world. It is also, perhaps, the gentlest, but not【41】.
Elephants【42】 for a long time--fifty or sixty years. They never forget great sadness or great happiness. A female elephant dies, her daughters and her granddaughters are【43】 for many months.
Elephants live in families--families of females (母系家族). There will be a few young males--" baby boy". But they will soon【44】 their families when they grow up. An elephant family【45】 only its daughters, mothers and grandmothers.
The females stay together all their【46】. The older ones【47】 the younger ones. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example. And【48】 happens to male elephants？ A bull (雄) elephant doesn't often have a friend. He lives【49】. Sometimes the females call a bull. He can【50】 them then, but soon his "wives" and sisters send him away again.
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A．never
B．always
C．at times
Task 1
Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.
The elephant is the largest four-legged animal in the world. It is also, perhaps the gentlest, but not always!
Elephants are similar to human beings in some ways. They live for a long time—fifty or sixty years. They are emotional, too. They never forget great sadness or great happiness. When a female elephant dies, her daughters and her granddaughters are sad for several months. They stay with the dead body and then carry a bit of it away with them. They never forget a dear friend.
Elephants are like us, but they are also different. They also live in families, but only in families of females. There will be a few young males—a few "baby boys". But the females will soon send them away. An elephant family keeps only its daughters, mothers and grandmothers, and its great-grand mothers.
The females stay together for fifty, sixty...a hundred years. The older animals look after the young ones. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example.
And what happens to male elephants？ Well, the young males stay with their mothers for a period of time. Then they must leave the family when they've grown up. The females just send them away. A bull elephant does not often have a friend. He lives apart, away from the family, and often away from other bulls.
Sometimes the females call on a bull. He can visit them then, and stay for some time. But soon his "wives" and sisters send him away again. The females have a very happy family life. What do the bulls think about it？ We don't know.
Which statement is correct according to the passage？
A．The elephant is the largest animal in the world.
B．Male elephants all live independently.
C．Baby elephants are looked after by their female families.
D．An elephant family has mothers, grand-mothers and fathers.
Questions 61-65 are based on Passage Two:
Passage Two
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline（衰退） more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey．
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills),while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects)．
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed．
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline． Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors,“So they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline,” said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in Egland．
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category（范畴） as possible in the given time, e． g．“object usually I colored gray”, and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were task at which men usually excel; the latter were typically dominated by women．
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average． And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall．
The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________．
A． natural
B． great
C． obvious
D． absolute
SECTION B PASSAGES
Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world. They live for a long time--fifty or sixty years in family of females. There will be a few young males--a few 'baby boys'. But the females will soon send them away. An elephant family keeps only its daughters, mother and grandmothers, and its great-grandmothers.
The females stay together for years. The older animals look after the young ones. The mothers teach their daughters and set good examples to them.
And what happens to male elephants？ The young males stay with their mothers for a time. Then they must leave the family. The females just send them away. A bull elephant does not often have a friend. He lives apart away from the family, and often away from other bulls.
Sometimes the females call a bull. He can visit them then, and stay for a time. But soon his 'wives' and sisters send him away again. The females have a very happy family.
Elephants can remember things very well. They never forget great happiness or great sadness. When a female elephant dies, her daughters and her grand-daughters are sad for many months. They stay with the dead body. Then they carry a bit of it away with them. They never forget a dead friend.
How long can the elephant live？
A．Twenty to thirty years.
B．Thirty to forty years.
C．Forty to fifty years.
D．Fifty sixty years.
Napping to a Healthier Heart？
1. Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke.
2. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke.
3. The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure5 that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.
4. Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart patient should affect that person's treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
5. Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack？ An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.
6. The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.
A Effects of Napping in Females Still Uncertain
B Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP
C Development of a Simple but Important Test
D Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease
E How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP
F Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
Paragraph 2 ______
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