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Some kind of balance of good and evil, of extreme good and extreme evil, is of the nature of human society and necessary to it. 选词填空: mysterious influential likewise advantageous

提问人:网友tscl99 发布时间:2022-01-07
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第1题
Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Tile method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳) and deduction(演绎), that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves everyday and every hour of your lives. There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere's plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.

To acquire the method of scientific investigation, one ______.

A.needs do necessary exercises on his/her mind

B.has to reason things and get accurate explanations

C.has to analyze the reasons of all the phenomena

D.needs practice balance skills constantly

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第2题
听力原文:Roosevelt was the only president in American history who served more than two ter

听力原文: Roosevelt was the only president in American history who served more than two terms. And he's remembered by the Americans as a grey patriot.

He was born in a rich family and had studied in Harvard University. At the age of forty, he was stricken with infantile paralysis and lost his ability to walk normally. In spite of his poor health, he was still elated governor of New York in 1928 on the Democratic ticket. In 1932, he was elected President. Within three months after he moved in the White House, Roosevelt presented to Congress more than 70 bills for approval which were generally known as his "New Deal".

This "New Deal" was to strike some kind of balance between different branches of national economy and reduce the gap between production and consumption. The "New Deal" enlarged government interference in production and circulation, but it took no measure against private ownership of means of production. It readjusted the distribution of social wealth,but exploitation remained legal.But workers' conditions in general achieved some improvement and progress was made in labor organization.

He achieved some success in revitalizing American economy and derived his fame from the“New Deal”as a man of confidence.

(33)

A.In 1928.

B.In 1929.

C.In 1932.

D.In 1940.

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第3题
How to Pick a Career in Business

Picking the right career in business is a matter of matching what you want to do with the kind of life you want to lead Figuring (31) how to strike this balance generally requires prioritizing the following issues: industry, location, and working conditions. First and foremost, ask yourself what industry interests you (32) ? Many websites on the Internet can be (33) great use. For example, Vault. com provides a thorough list of industries that can give you the information necessary for (34) this decision. It is also important to investigate what kind of business careers in your target industry (35) growing and hiring. Location involves many factors. Where would you like to live? Do you prefer big cities or small towns? How far and by what (36) are you willing to commute? Do you want to be close to your family and friends (37) do you want to strike out into new territory? Many people also (38) into account the cost of living in different areas of the country or world. Then (39) the question: what kind of working environment best suits your working style? Some people need to feel rooted to a workspace (40) they are surrounded by coworkers, while others hope to see new faces every day. When choosing your career in business, try to consider which way—or in which combination—you are most comfortable and productive.

(31)

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第4题
听力原文:Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text.

听力原文: Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers, in the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.

For most of the time this conversation goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a process conversation as opposed to a content conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a content conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. It is precisely the process conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.

(33)

A.The reader has trouble understanding what the author says.

B.The reader's expectations agree with what is said in the text.

C.The reader asked questions and got answers.

D.The reader understands a text very well.

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第5题
How to Pick a Career in BusinessPicking the right career in business is a matter of matchi

How to Pick a Career in Business

Picking the right career in business is a matter of matching what you want to do with the kind of life you want to lead Figuring (31) how to strike this balance generally requires prioritizing the following issues: industry, location, and working conditions. First and foremost, ask yourself what industry interests you (32) ? Many websites on the Internet can be (33) great use. For example, Vault. com provides a thorough list of industries that can give you the information necessary for (34) this decision. It is also important to investigate what kind of business careers in your target industry (35) growing and hiring. Location involves many factors. Where would you like to live? Do you prefer big cities or small towns? How far and by what (36) are you willing to commute? Do you want to be close to your family and friends (37) do you want to strike out into new territory? Many people also (38) into account the cost of living in different areas of the country or world. Then (39) the question: what kind of working environment best suits your working style? Some people need to feel rooted to a workspace (40) they are surrounded by coworkers, while others hope to see new faces every day. When choosing your career in business, try to consider which way—or in which combination—you are most comfortable and productive.

(31)

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第6题
Passage two

Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gels answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on. For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we arc running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process”conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.

According to the author, when will our reading become conscious?

A.When the readers expectations match with what is said in the text.

B.When the reader has trouble understanding what the author says.

C.When the reader asks tough questions and gets proper answers.

D.When the reader understands a text with no difficulties.

At a lower level of comprehension, readers tend to_____.A.read a text slowly and carefully

B.read without thinking hard

C.interpret a text in their own way

D.focus on the meaning of words only

A “process” conversation has to do with____ .A.the application of reading strategies

B.matching our expectations with the meaning of a text

C.the development of our ability to check the details

D.determining the main idea of a text

According to the passage, it is of great importance for readers at a higher level to maintain a balance between_____.A.conscious and unconscious levels of comprehension

B.the reader's expectations and the meaning of a text

C.lower and higher levels of comprehension

D.interpreting and criticizing a text

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第7题
Passage Three:Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Reading is thought to
be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts further questions, and so on.

For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our questioning of the text continues at the unconscious level.

Different people converse with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page; others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text. The latter represents higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the strategies (策略) we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.

第31题:Reading as a kind of conversation between the reader and the text becomes conscious only when ________.

A) the reader’s expectations agree with what is said in the text

B) the reader has trouble understanding what the author says

C) the reader asks questions and gets answers

D) the reader understands a text very well

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第8题
When nature is left alone, a balance is reached among the animals and plants living in one
area. But when man interferes with nature, the balance is upset. He grows a crop and takes it away to eat; then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface, or decaying and adding humus to the soil. Unless a farmer acts with knowledge and skill, he tends therefore to make the land poorer. To take the place of the organic matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer. Chemical fertilizers am very helpful, but the waste products of animals and the decaying remains of plants should also be put on the land. In some places it is a habit to bum waste material lying about, but such burning destroys the organic matter in the dead plants. Although the ashes that am left am valuable when put on the land, a better practice is to bury the waste, so that it decays and increases the humus in the soil.

In the past when the world population was much lower than it is now, a man had little difficulty in ordinary times in growing the food that was needed. When a field had been cultivated for some years and had be come tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered. Gradually grasses and other plants would appear on it and its productive power would be slowly restored by their decay. But nature, left alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state; the length of time required would depend on local conditions, but it might well be ten years.

It is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year. If the crop is changed, the land will suffer less because it is treated and used in different ways. Different plants affect the soil differently. Consequently a change of crop will do less harm than the growing of the same crop year after year and a periodic change to grass will benefit the soil. Much will therefore be gained ff different crops are grown one after the other, a method known as the rotation of crops.

An ignorant farmer will make the land poorer______.

A.ff he lets dead leaves decay in the soil by themselves

B.if he makes the humus decrease after taking away his crops

C.by clearing away all the dead leaves

D.by burning waste plant material lying about

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第9题
听力原文:M: I'm really worried about paying my tuition for the next term at school. School
fees are getting so high. I may have to cut back on my classes and work more hours to earn more.

W: I understand that you worry about that. Every year it seems to me that more students worry about money.

M: I agree. And it's hard to study full time and hold down any kind of job.

W: Have you thought about applying for financial aid?

M: Yah, now, I have, but the real problem is that so many people apply and there's just not enough financial aid available.

W: Maybe you could qualify for some kind of student loan that you would repay after you finish studying. You should go to the financial aid office and see what the requirements are.

M: I suppose that's true. Sometimes I wish the cost of education was completely covered by the government.

W: I'm sure we're not the only ones who are worried about this.

M: Oh, I think it's quite clear that a lot of people think about this. Now that a good education is becoming a must for one to get a good job, I think more people will worry in the future. I can't even pay for myself! How am I supposed to save up to pay for my kids to go to school?

W: Yeah, when you find the answer to that one, be sure to tell me.

(23)

A.The balance of work and study.

B.The financial aid.

C.Education and good job.

D.The tuition.

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第10题
The balance of nature is a very elaborate and delicate system of check and countercheck. I
t is continually being altered as climates change, as new organisms evolve, as animals or plants spread to new areas. But the alterations have in the past, for the most part, been slow, whereas with the arrival of civilized man, their speed has been multiplied much: from the evolutionary time-scale, where change is measured by periods of ten or a hundred thousand years, they have been transferred to the human time-scale in which centuries and even decades count.

Everywhere man is altering the balance of nature. He is facilitating the spread of plants and animals into new regions, sometimes deliberately, sometimes unconsciously. He is covering huge areas with new kinds of plants, or with houses, factories, slag heaps and other products of his civilization. He gets rid of some species on a large scale, but favors the multiplication of others. In brief, he has done more in five thousand years to alter the biological aspect of the planet than has nature in five million years.

Many of these changes which he has brought about have had unforeseen consequences. Who would have thought that the throwing away of a piece of Canadian waterweed would have caused half the waterways of Britain to be blocked for a decade? Or that provision of pot cacti for lonely settlers' wives would have led to Eastern Australia being covered with forests of prickly pears?

Who would have predicted that the cutting down of forests on the Adriatic coast, or in parts of Central Africa, could have reduced the land to a semi-desert with the very soil washed away from the bare rock? Who would have thought that improved communications would have changed history by the spreading of disease-sleeping sickness into East Africa, measles into Ocean, AIDS around the whole world?

These are spectacular examples, but examples on a smaller scale are everywhere to be found. We made a nature sanctuary for rare birds, providing absolute security for all species ; and we may find that some common and hardy kind of birds multiplies beyond measure and drive away the rare kinds in which we are particularly interested. We see, owing to some little change brought about by civilization, the starting spread over the English countryside in hordes. We improve the yielding capacities of our cattle; and find that how they exhaust the pastures which were sufficient for less demanding stock. We gaily set about killing the carnivores that disturb our domestic animals, the hawks that eat our fowls and game-birds; and find that in so doing we are also removing the brake that restrains the multiplication of mice and other little rodents that gnaw away the farmers' profits.

The author's concern with the balance of nature, as evidenced by this passage, is best defined as______.

A.intense and objective

B.conscientious but humorless

C.sincere and subjective

D.deep but dry

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