considerable order

esign through to the

distribution of products. Within each function, a number of activities may be distinguished and a principal driver

identified for each activity.

Each sales order will normally comprise a number of batches of any one of a range of products. The company is active

in promoting, where possible, a product focus for design, dedicated production lines and product marketing. It also

recognises that a considerable level of expenditure will relate to supporting the overall business operation.

It is known that many costs may initially be recognised at the unit, batch, product sustaining (order) or

business/facility sustaining (overall) levels. A list of expense items relating to Order Number 377 of product Zeta is

shown below. The methods of calculating the values for Order Number 377 shown below are given in brackets

alongside each expense item. These methods also indicate whether the expense items should be regarded as product

unit, batch, product sustaining (order) or business/facility sustaining (overall) level costs. The expense items are not

listed in any particular sequence. Each expense item should be adjusted to reflect its total cost for

Order Number 377.

Order Number 377 comprises 5,000 units of product Zeta. The order will be provided in batches of 1,000 product

units.

The following sentences a-b are taken from the beginning of the Introduction Section of a research article. Reorganize them so that it conforms to the logical order of Introduction. (From general to specific) a.In recent years, there has been an increased awareness of the potential impact of pollutants such as heavy metals. b.Moreover, the traditional methods for treating aqueous streams containing metal contaminants are expensive and can have inadequate facilities. c.The use of biological materials is one such technology which has received considerable attention. d.This has led to the use of alternative technologies.

A、cabd

B、abdc

C、bacd

D、dabc

Please compare E-mail A with E-mail B, and comment on both of them. Then, revise your favorite one for effectiveness. Rewrite or add any information if necessary. E-mail A Dear Madam Thank you for your e-mail of 24 March. We can certainly supply the cotton material you require. The price will be the same as before, i.e. $3.00 a metre and delivery can be next week if you require. We have plenty of stock so we could repeat the order if necessary. Please let us know if this is acceptable to you. Yours faithfully Sara Wang E-mail B Dear Ms. Hope With reference to your e-mail of 24 March 2019, we can certainly supply you with the cotton material in white you require. As you are a very good customer, we are prepared to process your order of 5000 metres at the old price of $3.00 a metre. We would deliver next week at any time to suit yourselves. We hold considerable stocks of this particular range, so further orders should not be a problem. Perhaps you would be kind enough to let us know the day and time you would like delivery to take place. Yours sincerely Sara Wang

It is not recommended that any person shall be allowed on the bridge or in the pilot house except the pilot and other representative of the Canal，and Master and such officers and other members of the crew of the vessel as may be necessary for its navigation and control，management，operation and safety．

Navigational aids are difficult to maintain and are reported to be unreliable in this waters．A considerable amount of shipping uses the canal and，in addition，many local fishing craft with nets may be encountered in the area.Since passage through the canal entails a run of more than 250 miles，long periods of considerable vigilance are necessary in order to maintain safe standards of navigation．

问题：PILOT HOUSE is referred to ______ in this passage．

A.the cabin in which the pilot stays

B.the space in which the rudder is located

C.the bridge of vessels

D.the cabin which is prepared for the pilot

SHIPPING is referred to ______ in this passage．A.he operations of transportation of goods by sea

B.the procedures of marine transportation business

C.the management of marine transportation business

D.the vessels and ships

The author implies that ______ ．A.even by making use of modern instrument it is difficult to maintain safety in this area

B.mariners should take it easy when navigating in this area

C.modern instrument should be used to control the safety of navigation in this area

D.it is dangerous when navigating in this area

The person on the bridge or in the pilot house shall be those ______ ．A.who are recommended

B.who are familiar with the navigation，management，operation and safety control

C.who are directly involved in the navigation，management，operation and safety control

D.who have nothing to do with the navigation，management，operation and safety control

听力原文：M：You have lived here a considerable time． Did you not say sixteen years？

W：Eighteen，sir，I came，when I was twenty，to wait on the mistress till she died at forty-eight，the master retained me for his housekeeper．

M：Indeed．

W：Ah，times are greatly Changed Since then!

M：Yes，you’ve seen a good many alterations，I suppose？

W：I have，and troubles too．

M：Why the landlord let Thrushcross Grange， and preferred living in a situation and residence so much inferior．Is he not rich enough to keep the estate in good order？

W: Rich，sir! He has，nobody knows what money，and every year it increases．Yes，yes，he’s rich enough to

live in a finer house than this: but he's very near -- close-handed; and, if he had meant to flit to Thrushcross Grange, as soon as he heard of a good tenant he could not have borne to miss the chance of getting a few hundreds more. It is strange people should be so greedy, when they are alone in the world!

M: He had a son, it seems？

W: Yes, he had one -- he is dead.

M: And, that young lady is his widow？

W: Yes.

M: Where did she come from originally？

W: Why, sir, she is my late master's daughter: Catherine Clinton was her maiden name. I nursed her, poor thing! I did wish her family would remove here, and then we might have been together again.

How old is the housekeeper now？

A．Eighteen.

B．Twenty-eight.

C．Thirty-eight.

D．Forty-eight.

One of the most successful commercial

products ever launched is said to have come about

as the result of a mistake. In 1896, by accidental 【M1】______

adding fizzy water instead of still water to the

recipe, a pharmacist called John S. Pemberton

invented that has today become the most popular 【M2】______

soft drink in the world: Coca-Cola. Coke has

enjoyed huge success worldwide, particularly in

the past fifty years. Indeed, old Coke bottles and

"limiting edition" cans can often fetch considerable 【M3】______

sums from collectors, and there are even stores

which deal exclusively Coke products and 【M4】______

collectables.

What could possibly account for the amazing

success of Coca-Cola？ How has this combination

of carbonated water, sugar, acid and flavourings

come to symbolize the American way of a life for 【M5】______

most of the world？ After all, even the

manufacturers could hardly describe Coke as a

healthy product yet it contains relatively high 【M6】______

amounts of sugar and phosphoric acid, both of

that are known to damage teeth. 【M7】______

One explanation may be found in the name.

The original recipe included a flavouring from

the coca plant and probably included small amounts

of cocaine, but since the early part of the last

century all traces of cocaine have removed. 【M8】______

However, Coke also includes a flavouring from

the cola tree; cola extract contains caffeine,

which is a stimulant, and the Coca-Cola company

adds extra caffeine for good measure. While

caffeine is not thought to be an addictive

substance by itself, there is considerable evidence 【M9】______

that in a period of time the consumption of 【M10】______

caffeine has to be increased in order for its

stimulating effect to be maintained, and so sales

of Coke perhaps benefit as a result.

【M1】

Dear Sirs,

The order mentioned above was delivered to our warehouse 2 days after it arrived in Chicago 8th Jan. and we regret that we have to complain about the conditions in which we received it.

In our order we stipulated that we required four dozen of your men's suits pattern CS/7, and in your invoice, No. CP/78, you charged us for this quantity, but it is clear that you have packed only three dozen in Case 3, 【B1】______ . We would therefore appreciate an explanation and your prompt action to send us the missing dozen suits.

Very much more serious is the condition of the ladies' trousers suits that you packed in Case 2. Of the six dozen that this case contains, 【B2】______ . It is quite clear that this is solely due to the totally inadequate way in which they had been packed for you had not lined the case with any waterproof paper. 【B3】______

【B4】______ , whereas in our order we had stated that we required your pattern CS/9 which is stated in your catalogue as being made up from heavy-weight material. There is no market here for tropical suits, and so we must emphasize 【B5】______ .

We must stress that the mistakes that you have made in this first order we have placed with you have caused considerable problems for us. We had hoped to include your products in the Spring Sale that is due to open at the end of February, but as it is, it is now clear that we shall not be able to do so. We wish to stress, therefore, that unless you take immediate action to correct the mistakes that you have made, 【B6】______ .

We now expect your prompt reply.

Yours,

Faithfully

A. please correct all the mistakes as soon as possible

B. that we expect you to replace these suits that have been wrongly delivered with those we ordered without delay

C. we shall certainly not consider further orders with you and shall report your company to the American Trade Promotion Office in New York

D. and we think the price is a little bit too high

E. forty have become very sodden in transit and most of these show signs of rotting

F. we are also surprised that you appear to have sent us three dozen lightweight gentlemen's suits in Case 1

G. we therefore expect your prompt action to remedy this situation

H. and there is no sign of the missing dozen in either Case 1 or 2

【B1】______

l system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants--and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of improving the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a workload. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their lawyers in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading--the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff(原告) gives up any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to correct a situation which must be corrected if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.

The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A．narrow the issues

B．cause early settlements

C．save judicial time

D．increase settlement costs

l system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend leas time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court.

The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A．narrow the issues

B．cause early settlements

C．save judicial time

D．increase settlement costs

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, or parties, concerning methods of ameliorating the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.

One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents' evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.

Many states have now established another method, small-claims, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading-the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.

In coming years, we can expect to see more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to see their day in court.

The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A．narrow the issues

B．cause early settlements

C．save judicial time

D．increase settlement costs