chief executives of big firms, did so this month. "Repots that large numbers of chief

&8226;Which country does each statement (1-7) describe?

&8226;For each statement (1-7), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

A

Salinas outlines the key qualities of good management in this autobiography. He believes that decisions should be based on facts, not opinions; that people's strengths should be exploited; and that disagreement is sometimes necessary. But the main point he makes is that leadership means performing well at all times and setting a good example.

B

In this collection of essays, top business leaders predict how businesses will change over the next few years. They analyse changes in business and society and their effects on job markets, as well as taking a look at possible strengths and weaknesses of leading economics and their currencies, This collection outlines a vision of tomorrow's business world and the type of leaders that will be required.

C

This book is a well-researched study of the problem of leadership in global quoted companies. 160 international business leaders were asked how they added value to their companies and their answers form. the main part of this book. Both managers and companies are analysed in order to show how they cope with difficult issues. A useful book for all senior managers.

D

100 well-known US business leaders through this century are described in this book, which analyses how their fortunes were made and sometimes lost. The background, business career character and personal life of each individual are outlined, creating an impressive collection of biographies and an excellent reference work.

This is an account of one business leader's experiences.

A．emerged

B．merged

C．has combined

D．mixed

Choose the best sentence to fill each of the gaps.

For each blank 8—12 mark one letter (A—G) on your Answer Sheet.

Do not use any letter more than once.

There is an example at the beginning.

Profit

Entrepreneurship is directly responsible for F The business person (entrepreneur) takes a cue from consumers in deciding what they want—or, in the case of a new product, …8…

Profit means different things to different people. According to some public opinion polls, many people are not sure what it is, but they are sure…9… Workers may look at profit as an unfairly large payment to the entrepreneur that deprives them of a higher wage. The business person thinks of profit…10… During negotiations before the settlement of the second baseball strike in August, 1985, the Players' Association claimed the owners had made profits of $ 91 million, an accounting firm said owner profits were $ 43 million, and the owners insisted they had lost $ 9 million. The truth was that all three were correct. The disparity in the figures was due to the fact that each group was defining profit differently. Let us now see if we can develop a more exact definition of what profit is.

Gross profit is the difference between what a business firm sells its product for and what it costs to produce that product. The merchant buys $ 200, 000 worth of merchandise during the year and sells it for $ 270, 000. His gross profit is $ 70, 000. The percentage difference between his cost and the selling price is 35 percent, and he calls this markup. Net profit is…11…—rent, wages, and interest—and setting aside money to allow for the loss due to depreciation (wearing out) of capital. Our merchant has to subtract from his gross profit his payments for rent ($6, 000), wages ($ 20, 000) interest on money borrowed ($ 1, 000), repairs and upkeep ($ 1, 000), taxes ($ 1, 000), electricity and other expenses $ 1, 000. Expenses for operating the business come to $ 30, 000. Gross profit is $ 70, 000, and net profit is $40, 000.

Economists have a narrower definition of what constitutes profit. They are concerned with payment for all the resources that have gone into production, …12…, like those listed above, or from inside the business.

A what profit really means

B it is too large and represents too much of the consumer's dollar

C as the difference between total revenue and total cost

D what the business person has left after paying expenses

E what they might want

F production

G whether they come from outside the business

(8)