Working mothers have difficulty （look)______after their children themselves.

根据以下材料，回答题

Working mothers

Carefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems， compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.

My personal ___________ （51） is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not， there are a ___________ （52） of mothers who just have to work. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot ___________ （53） to see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic ___________ （54）. Many mothers are not ___________ （55） out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a

much loved infant， they feel trapped and isolated.

There are a number of options when it ___________ （56） to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady ___________ （57） the street.

___________ （58）， however， many parents don"t have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No ___________ （59） how good the childcare may be， some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a ___________ （60） normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months， but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family ___________ （61）. Make sure that in the first week you allow___________ （62） time to help your child settle in.

All children are different. Some are independent， while others are more ___________ （63） to their mothers. Remember that if you want to ___________ （64） the best for your children， it"s not the quantity of time you spend with them， it"s the ___________ （65） that matters.

回答（51）题 查看材料

A.view

B.idea

C.thought

D.decision

Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because______.

A．they can take care of both work and family

B．they are over ideal working ages

C．they seek equal opportunities with men

D．they have difficulty finding full-time jobs

into the world of paid work continues to cause suspicion. One recent survey found that 48 percent of Americans believe that preschoolers suffer if their mothers work, while another found that 42 percent of employed parents think that working mothers care more about succeeding at work than meeting their children's needs.

All mothers deserve our support--those who care for children at home and those who have joined the work force. But many working mothers continue to believe that they are shortchanging (少找钱)their children. They shouldn't. Research tells us that kids do just fine when mothers work.

Suzanne Bianchi a scientist of the University of Maryland, has found that mothers today spend as much if not more time with their children than they did in 1965, even though the percentage of mothers who work rose from 35 percent to 71 percent. Then there are the obvious financial benefits. For many children, these earnings are the difference between living in poverty—or out of it.

The kids are all right. Studies conducted by the University of Michigan have consistently demonstrated that a child's social or academic competence does not depend on whether a mother is employed. In my research four out of five children (nine out of ten in single parent families) told me that having a working mother was their preferred arrangement. My study found that children with working mothers are no more likely to drop out, take drugs, break the law, or experiment with sex prematurely than children with non-employed mothers. Children have taken their mothers' example to heart. Ninety percent of the young women I interviewed said they hoped to combine work with motherhood, while two-thirds of the men said they wanted to share parenting and work.

Sadly, children support working mothers more than we do as a society. Parental leave and child-care benefits in the United States remain inadequate, particularly when compared to what's offered in other countries. Children thrive when their mothers have satisfying, well-paid jobs when they can count on other caretakers to share the load. The challenge facing us is thus not whether good workers can also be good mothers, but whether we can create the conditions that enable working mothers and fathers to be good parents.

From the first paragraph, we can see that ______.

A．now more American mothers are working than any time in American history and anywhere else in the world

B．more than half Americans think that before going to school, children need their mothers' whole-hearted care

C．a majority of Americans believe that once working outside home mothers think of their own work more than their children

D．more American mothers work than ever before, but this problem of working mothers has not been solved satisfactorily

根据以下材料，完成题。

Working Mothers

Carefullv conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any lon9—term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.

My persona （5 1）is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whether we like it or not，there are a （52）of mothers who just have to work.There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot （53）to see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic （54）.Many mothers are not （55）out to be full—time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant，they feel trapped and isolate

D.There are a number of options when it （56）to choosing childcare.These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady——（57）the street.In reality， （58），many parents don’t have any choice;they have to accept anything they can get.Be prepared!Nomatter （59）good the childcare may be，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left.This is a （60）normal stage of child development.Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family （61）.Make sure that in the first week you allow （62）time to help vour child settle in.

All children are different.Some are independent，while others are more （63）to their mothers.Remember that if you want to （64）the best for your children，it"s not the quantity of time you spend with them，it"s the （65）that matterS.

请在第__（51）__处填上正确答案。 查看材料

A.view

B.idea

C.thought

D.decision

nof working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,comparedwith children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal 51__________is that mothers should beallowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ,there are a 52__________of mothers who just have towork. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives inestablishing a career that they cannot 53__________see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pureeconomic 54__________.Many mothers arenot 55__________out to be full-timeparents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant, they feel trappedand isolated. There are a number of options when it 56__________to choosing childcare. Theserange from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady 57__________the street. 58__________, however, many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they canget. Be prepared! No 59__________ howgood the childcare may be, some children are going to protest wildly if they areleft. This is a 60__________normal stageof child development. Babies separate well in the first six months, but soonafter that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family 61__________. Make sure that in the firstweek you allow 62__________time to helpyour child settle in. All children are different. Some are independent, while othersare more 63__________to their mothers. Remember that if you want to 64__________the best for your children, it's not the quantity of timeyou spend with them,it's the 65__________thatmatters. {TS}

A. view

B. idea

C. thought

D. decision

E-mail. Then she gets her 7-year-old son and 3-year-old daughter ready for school. Both kids are out the door by 9 a.m., and then Caspi puts in an additional three hours of company time. Caspi picks up the kids between noon and 3 p.m. and spends the rest of the day dealing with cell-phone calls and mothering chores(家务杂事) like helping the children with homework. She's usually still answering E-mail after the kids go to bed.

This is the world of the working mother today, where "work-life balance" has evolved to mean something drastically different from what it did just five years ago. Increasingly, work and life are barely separate—they're fluid. One flows into the other as growing legions of mothers who are entrepreneurs, or "mompreneurs", work to tear down barriers and redefine the workplace.

The number of women in the U.S. workforce has doubled since 1970. But until the past few years, the vast majority who worked had little choice but to leave their children at day-care centers or with caregivers and join the 9-to-5 compartmentalized workplace. However, women also continued to take many roles at all hours and still handle 75% of the housework.

Technological advances—chief among them, the Internet and cell phones—have helped alter that dynamic. Another factor is changing attitudes, especially among women of Generation X in their late 20s and 30s. As they launch their careers and prepare to have children, they're demanding—and often getting—radically different work arrangements from those their mothers did. "Generation Xers are willing to take a stand and are more interested in flexibility and making it work for their families, rather than the security of having a job like their predecessors," says Susan Seitel, president of Work & Family Connection, a human resources consulting group. Working mothers who can't get employers to offer flexible working arrangements are striking out on their own. Women are starting businesses at twice the rate of all businesses. From 1997 to 2004, employment at female-owned companies grew by 24.2%, more than twice the rate of the 11.6% logged by all businesses, and the pace of revenue increase was also higher—39% vs. 33.5%.

Reshaped workdays aren't just the preserve of women who have started their own businesses. With the jobless rate below 5.5%, competition for skilled employees is forcing many companies to offer working mothers arrangements unheard of a decade ago. At management consulting firm Bain & Co., employees are allowed to choose flexible options that fit their working style. Sometimes, that means shifting schedules according to the needs of the family.

In a typical day of Laine Caspi, she spends most of her time ________.

A．outside her working place

B．in replying cells phones and E-mails

C．in looking after her children

D．in dealing with housework

Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word. Nowadays there is a media trend toward diminishing the importance of fathers in the United States. On the one hand, we have easy access to 1) stories about the struggles of working mothers. On the other, the 2) of fathers presented in the media are always 3) or irresponsible. Fathers are usually blamed for not helping much with the housework. Compared with working mothers and at-home dads, working fathers have received less media attention, although most are quietly yet proudly 4) their family duties. Our society has given little cultural 5) to those breadwinner fathers. Recently, there is another media trend of regarding at-home wives as “6) symbols” — a luxury not many men can afford to have. In fact, men as sole wage earners suffer many 7) . They have to work extra hours to make more money to support their families. It would be wise for us to be 8) of the importance of fathers to their children. It would also be advisable for us to recognize the great efforts that fathers make to support their families. They, the unsung heroes, 9) our recognition and our thanks for what they do. 1)

for parents who use childcare. This is occurring at a time when there is increasing social and financial pressure on parents, particularly mothers, to work. The issue of childcare and working mothers has been the subject of dispute for some time. Many argue that the best place for children is always in their own homes with their own parents. However, it is my contention that there are many advantages to be had from using childcare and the government should provide more financial assistance to parents who do so.

It has been argued that children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out an important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. These children, so this argument goes, may be educationally disadvantaged later in life. However, childcare center may actually assist children in their early learning. They give children an opportunity to mix with other children and to develop social skills at an early age. Indeed, a whole range of learning occurs in childcare centers.

Another argument against the use of childcare facilities is that children can be emotionally deprived in these facilitates compared to the home. This argument assumes that the best place for children is to be at their parents', especially mothers', side for twenty-four hours a day. It claims that children's emotional development can be damaged when they are left in childcare facilities. However, parents and children need to spend some time apart. Moreover, children became less dependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and more effective care-givers when there are periods of separation. In fact, recent studies indicate that the parent-child relationship can be improved by the use of high-quality childcare facilities.

It could further be asserted that the government and the economy as a whole cannot afford the enormous cost involved in supporting childcare for working parents. However, working parents actually contribute to the national economy. They are able to utilize their productive skills and pay income tax, while non-working parents can become a drain on the tax system through dependent spouse and other rebates.

In conclusion, government support for childcare services assists individual families and is important for the economic well-being of the whole nation.

What is the main idea of the passage？

A．The government should provide more childcare facilities for working mothers.

B．The government should cut its financial support for childcare services.

C．The government should help mothers to gain emotional bond with their children.

D．The government should encourage mothers to spend more time with their children.

_ the 1990s most shops closed for the weekend at 2 pm. Today you can【C2】______ into the wee hours every day except Sunday. In most German states shophours are, or about to be, fully【C3】______ . That should lay to rest the【C4】______ that Germany is anti-consumer. But it also【C5】______ a change in attitudes to time.

Germans have long fretted over time. Wasting it is forbidden；【C6】______ is required. The country's austere Protestantism helps to explain this, but【C7】______ may a culture of industrial might. The efficient division of labor requires a【C8】______ schedule. And the family【C9】______ of a lone male breadwinner set a broad daily framework. With few mothers working, shop opening hours could be short, schools could open for only half the day and child care assistance was【C10】______ .

Yet with the economy 【C11】______ driven by services, this time corset (紧身衣) is gradually loosening. More than half of employees now 【C12】______ their own working hours．【C13】______ two-thirds of all women work, up from half in the 1970s. Then there is digital technology：【C14】______ arriving on the dot, you can send a text message apologizing for being late．【C15】______ , many Germans seem to have trouble adjusting to their new flexibility. There are objective reasons, such as the continuing【C16】______ of child-care facilities, which makes it harder for mothers to combine jobs and children.

【C17】______ , this is all an outcome of rising wealth and ever more distractions. Yet there are also 【C18】______ barriers that keep Germans from using their time better. One is a bias【C19】______ hiring help, which many see as akin to slavery. Germans spend much time toiling at home unpaid：【C20】______ other countries have so many home-improvement stores.

【C1】

A．After

B．Until

C．When

D．While

听力原文： The traditional American family used to have a working father, a housewife-mother, and two or three children. But in the last 25 years, this picture has changed. Now we have many different kinds of families and living situations besides this traditional one. For example, there are many single mothers and single fathers who are raising children by themselves. There are married couples who decide that they don't want any children. Sometimes adult children who have been living alone for a long time come back and live with their parents again. You can also find groups of older people sharing a house in order to save money. And there are many other examples of new types of families in this country.

Why has the traditional family changed so much？ Well, the reasons are both social and economic. First, as you know, the divorce rate is high in our culture; as a result, we have many single-parent families. Second, there is unemployment among young adults. If they cannot find a job, many times they return home and live with their parents again. But of course the most important reason for the changes in the American family is all American women are now working or looking for work. This means that more than half of all American homes do not have a full-time homemaker any more.

(23)

A．Traditional American family.

B．Modern American family.

C．Women's role in American family.

D．Changes in the American families and reasons.