medical imaging equipment

A、physical imaging;

B、chemical imaging；

C、medical imaging.

D、--

A.普通x线 Radiography

B.CT

C.DSA

D.MRI

A、普通x线摄影 Radiography

B、计算机断层成像 Computed Tomography

C、磁共振成像 Magnetic Resonance Imaging

D、正电子发射断层成像 Positron Emission Computed Tomography

A.普通x线摄影 Radiography

B.CT

C.DSA

D.核医学

E.MRI

Which of the following is NOT true？

A．It was Glenn Conroy and his colleagues who developed three-dimensional medical imaging based on CT.

B．Conroy discovered the estimated brain volume of Mr. Pies was incorrect.

C．Fossil has always been the only direct evidence of our ancient ancestors.

D．Standard repertories of measurements made virtually have the same degree of accuracy with handheld calipers.

of our ancient ancestors. Access to these paleoanthropological Rosetta stones, how- ever, is limited by protective curators who are often reluctant to lend the fragile fossils. And in the case of fossil skulls, nature preserves critical information in the largely in- accessible interior. But help is on the way. At the annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in Salt Lake City this past April, researchers discussed how medical imaging, virtual reality and computer-controlled modelling technologies get around these obstacles noninvasively.

Three-dimensional medical imaging based on computed tomography (CT) scans was developed in the early 1980s. On a computer, surgeons could electronically remove the patient's soft tissue and then explore the virtual skull inside and out before operating. It wasn't long before Glenn Conroy of Washington University and his colleagues demonstrated that these same techniques could also be applied to fossils, in which sediments take the place of soft tissue.

With advances in computer graphics and computational power, paleoanthropologists can now perform. on their computers a wide range of investigations that are impossible to attempt on the original fossil. Missing features on one Side of the skull can be re-created by mirroring the preserved features (postmortem deformations can be similarly rectified) and tiny, hidden structures such as the inner ear can be magnified for closer examination. Moreover, as Christoph P. E. Zollikofer and Marcias Ponce de Leon of the University of Zurich and others have shown, anthropologists can reconstruct fragmented fossils on-screen.

The standard repertoire of measurements can also be made virtually, in most cases with the same degree of accuracy afforded by handheld calipers. And with the creation of a virtual "endocast", brain volume can be determined reliably. In fact, Conroy's recent re- Search has revealed a major discrepancy between the estimated and actual brain volume of an early hominid called Stw 505 (or Mr. Pies). Conroy suspects that the estimated cranial capacity of some other fossils might also be incorrect--a hunch that, if substantiated, could have important implications for our understanding of brain evolution.

The article could be entitled

A．Human Evolution

B．Virtual Fossil Skull

C．Three-dimensional Medical Imaging

D．Virtual Anthropology

第一篇

The Hammersmith Hospital in West London, home of the Royal Post-graduate Medical School has been the scene(发生地点) of many innovations in medicine. It is now home(中心地,根据地) to the most expensive and ambitious medical technology project ever in Britain, which this year will make the Hammersmith the world's first fully digital hospital. The paper-free office brought about by computerization and modern information technology is familiar to(为……所熟悉) many office workers today. It has taken longer for the same technology to be applied to medical imaging(医学影像学), because of the immense computing power and high cost o the equipment required.

But now the Hammersmith is becoming the first hospital in which all imaging data-- X-rays, ultrasonic ,CT and MRI images--are stored not on cumbersome, inflammable films but as digital data on optical discs. The first consequence of this can be seen in the air-conditioned computer room in the new building, where two compact(坚实的,结实的) cabinets each about as tall as a man and 0.6m wide are ready to store every X-ray and scan made at the Hammersmith in the next 16 years on optical discs(光盘).

Space saving is the most obvious but not the most important advantage of the digital h6spital. A consultant conducting a clinic with a workstation linked by fibre optics(光纤) to the data store has no need of cumbersome trolleys loaded with patients' X-rays. The new technology considerably reduces the exposure to ionizing (电离的) radiation needed to get pictures doctors need, corresponding to reducing the slight but inevitable health risk that come with repeated X-rays.

X-rays record their images on fluorescent(荧光的) plates, lasers read off and store the data and the plates are wiped clean to use again. This requires less radiation than conventional(常规的) imaging. The ability to enhance imaging also reduces the need for extra exposures.

Another advantage is that any stored image can be sent to any of the hospital's 138 workstations in four seconds(soon that will come down(降落) to two seconds). Soon it will be possible to send it direct to other hospitals, or to computer screens in GP's(全科医生) clinics.

PACS(图像存档通讯系统) is the most expensive single medical technology project ever funded in UK. Most of the money has come from the Department of Health, which has realized that it will benefit patients at the Hammersmith Hospital and those referred from elsewhere, in terms of(按照) better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment.

Another technique uses radio a belled(用放射性同位素示踪的) white blood cells to guide doctors to the sites of hidden abscesses(脓肿) or other trouble spots.

In the most innovative technique of all, interventional(干预的,介入的) radiology, doctors use tiny instruments at the ends of fine catheters(导管), inserted deep into the body under local anaesthetic, to perform. a growing amount of microsurgery, viewed by surgeons—and patients if appropriate—in extremely clear detail. Every scrap(碎片,段) of unwanted image is electronically edited off the screen by the computer.

The Hammersmith Hospital is also pioneering interventional radiography, in which doctor carry out microsurgery at the same time as they image the patients' organs in minute detail. The blocking or unblocking of arteries to prevent damage due to bleeding or thrombosis(血栓形成) is among the conditions now being treated in this way.

The Hammersmith Hospital______.

A. is located in the west of London

B. takes the lead in medical innovations

C. has more advanced and modern medical technology than any other hospital in Britain.

D. all of the above

s been the scene(发生地点) of many innovations in medicine. It is now home(中心地,根据地) to the most expensive and ambitious medical technology project ever in Britain, which this year will make the Hammersmith the world's first fully digital hospital. The paper-free office brought about by computerization and modern information technology is familiar to(为……所熟悉) many office workers today. It has taken longer for the same technology to be applied to medical imaging(医学影像学), because of the immense computing power and high cost o the equipment required.

But now the Hammersmith is becoming the first hospital in which all imaging data-- X-rays, ultrasonic ,CT and MRI images--are stored not on cumbersome, inflammable films but as digital data on optical discs. The first consequence of this can be seen in the air-conditioned computer room in the new building, where two compact(坚实的,结实的) cabinets each about as tall as a man and 0.6m wide are ready to store every X-ray and scan made at the Hammersmith in the next 16 years on optical discs(光盘).

Space saving is the most obvious but not the most important advantage of the digital h6spital. A consultant conducting a clinic with a workstation linked by fibre optics(光纤) to the data store has no need of cumbersome trolleys loaded with patients' X-rays. The new technology considerably reduces the exposure to ionizing (电离的) radiation needed to get pictures doctors need, corresponding to reducing the slight but inevitable health risk that come with repeated X-rays.

X-rays record their images on fluorescent(荧光的) plates, lasers read off and store the data and the plates are wiped clean to use again. This requires less radiation than conventional(常规的) imaging. The ability to enhance imaging also reduces the need for extra exposures.

Another advantage is that any stored image can be sent to any of the hospital's 138 workstations in four seconds(soon that will come down(降落) to two seconds). Soon it will be possible to send it direct to other hospitals, or to computer screens in GP's(全科医生) clinics.

PACS(图像存档通讯系统) is the most expensive single medical technology project ever funded in UK. Most of the money has come from the Department of Health, which has realized that it will benefit patients at the Hammersmith Hospital and those referred from elsewhere, in terms of(按照) better, quicker and safer diagnosis and treatment.

Another technique uses radio a belled(用放射性同位素示踪的) white blood cells to guide doctors to the sites of hidden abscesses(脓肿) or other trouble spots.

In the most innovative technique of all, interventional(干预的,介入的) radiology, doctors use tiny instruments at the ends of fine catheters(导管), inserted deep into the body under local anaesthetic, to perform. a growing amount of microsurgery, viewed by surgeons—and patients if appropriate—in extremely clear detail. Every scrap(碎片,段) of unwanted image is electronically edited off the screen by the computer.

The Hammersmith Hospital is also pioneering interventional radiography, in which doctor carry out microsurgery at the same time as they image the patients' organs in minute detail. The blocking or unblocking of arteries to prevent damage due to bleeding or thrombosis(血栓形成) is among the conditions now being treated in this way.

The Hammersmith Hospital______.

A．is located in the west of London

B．takes the lead in medical innovations

C．has more advanced and modern medical technology than any other hospital in Britain.

D．all of the above

Task 3

Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you should complete the information by filling in the blanks marked 1 to 5 (in no more than 3 words) in the table below.

Apteryx Company Ltd.

Apteryx Ltd. is a software development company. We create and develop software applications and systems, which are the leading products in the business fields. Our current products include medical imaging solutions and applications for independent medical practices and large medical suppliers both at home and abroad. We also provide software development services.

Apteryx Ltd. believes in a fun and creative company culture and offers great benefits to its employees including in-service career training, free lunch, coffee or tea breaks, great retirement package, and a relaxed atmosphere.

Apteryx Ltd. is an Equal Opportunity Employer offering a great work environment, challenging career opportunities and attractive salaries. Join our team!

Apteryx Ltd.

313 S High St Ste 200 Akron, OH 44308

Web: http://www.apteryx.com/careers

Apteryx Company Ltd.

Type of company: a (1)______company

Products: software applications and systems

Service intended for: independent (2)______practices and suppliers, both at home and abroad

Company culture: fun and (3)______Benefits offered:

1.in-service career (4)______,

2. free lunch, coffee or tea breaks,

3. great (5)______package 4. a relaxed atmosphere

Company website: http://www.apteryx.com/careers

Doctor Ben Carson grew up in a poor single parent household in Detroit. His mother, who had only a third-grade education, worked two jobs cleaning bathrooms. To his classmates and even to his teachers, he was thought of as the dumbest kid in the class, according to his own not so fond memories. He had a terrible temper, and once threatened to kill another child. Doctor Carson was headed down a path of self-destruction until a critical moment in his youth. His mother, convinced that she had to do something dramatic to prevent him from leading a life of failure, laid down some rules. He could not watch television except for two programs a week, could not play with his friends after school until he finished his homework, and had to read two books a week and write book reports about them. His mother’s strategy worked. “Of course, I didn’t know she couldn’t read, so there I was submitting these reports.” He said. “She would put check marks on them like she had been reading them. As I began to read about scientists, economists and philosophers, I started imaging myself in their shoes. As he got in the habit of hard work, his grades began to soar. Ultimately, he received a scholarship to attend Yale University. And later, he was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical School. He is now a leading surgeon at John’s Hopkins Medical School, and he’s also the author of three books.

Q: What do we learn about Ben Carson？

A.He had only a third-grade education.

B.He once threatened to kill his teacher.

C.He grew up in a poor single-parent household.

D.He often helped his.