Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas

they represent. Concepts of reading have changed【C1】______over the centuries. During the 1950' s and 1960' s especially, increased attention has been devoted to【C2】______the reading process.【C3】______specialists agree that reading【C4】______a complex organization of higher mental【C5】______, they disagree【C6】______the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,【C7】______reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand【C8】______.

These authorities【C9】______that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably(无法解释地)【C10】______to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without【C11】______their meaning is not truly reading. The reader,【C12】______some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who【C13】______reads.

Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its【C14】______By some expert they would not be【C15】______as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most【C16】______and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to【C17】______the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various【C18】______, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do【C19】______widely and enthusiastically.【C20】______reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.

【C1】

A．satisfactorily

B．substantially

C．subordinately

D．subjectively