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【C18】
A.to
B.at
C.of
D.in
A.to
B.at
C.of
D.in
A.define and describe
B.definition and description
C.defining and describing
D.have defined and described
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed【C1】______over the centuries. During the 1950' s and 1960' s especially, increased attention has been devoted to【C2】______the reading process.【C3】______specialists agree that reading【C4】______a complex organization of higher mental【C5】______, they disagree【C6】______the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,【C7】______reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand【C8】______.
These authorities【C9】______that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably(无法解释地)【C10】______to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without【C11】______their meaning is not truly reading. The reader,【C12】______some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who【C13】______reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its【C14】______By some expert they would not be【C15】______as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most【C16】______and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to【C17】______the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various【C18】______, at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do【C19】______widely and enthusiastically.【C20】______reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
【C1】
A.satisfactorily
B.substantially
C.subordinately
D.subjectively
A.they are delicious food for us
B.they are companions of human beings
C.they can help rescue human beings
D.they can help improve human health
A.pigs attack human beings more frequently than sharks
B.people get hurt much more easily in a car accident
C.people get killed more easily by pigs or car accident than by sharks
D.sharks rarely kill human beings when they are not provoked to do so
A.people of an older age are more likely to suffer from deficient sleep
B.the older one becomes, the more sleep he or she will need every night
C.everyone of us needs to have seven or eight hours of sleep every night
D.even if we are tired, we can still react quickly as soon as we find dangers
If you are a typical ocean-goer, your chances of being killed by an unprovoked attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more likely to be killed by a pig than a shark and thou sands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car. Sharks help save human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to fight cancer, bacteria (细菌), and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research.
Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts (白内障). Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage (软骨) have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help prolong your life.
Sharks are needed in the world' s ocean ecosystem. Although they don' t need us, we need them. We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks.
The word "prey" in Line 5 of Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.friends
B.enemies
C.food
D.suits
A.most sharks are dangerous to human beings
B.sharks only attack someone in black wet suits
C.movies and popular novels are always misleading
D.sharks are a valuable resource for human beings
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