His argument were _____________.

rial that is supposed to prove that William Shakespeare did not really write the works attributed to him. Many alternative authors have been suggested most prominently, Christopher Marlowe Francis Bacon. One proponent of Bacon as author of Shakespeares plays actually looked for words like "fat and lard" and calculated how their places in the texts of the plays proved that Bacon authored them. Any schoolboy can see the fallacy of such an argument and yet many adult readers of newspaper articles, written by men who have never done any research on Shakespeare, are taken in by the arguments proposed against Shakespeares authorship. It is true that we have no manuscripts of the plays as they came from Shakespeares hand. After all, he wrote the plays to be acted, and the actors used the authors manuscripts. However, almost half the plays appeared in print under the authors name during his lifetime which ended in 1616. A few years later, in 1623, two of Shakespeares actor friends published a great folio(对开本 ，对开的)volume with thirty-six plays and put Shakespeares name on the title page. They even got Ben Johnson, Shakespeares great rival playwright, to write a poetic introduction for the folio volume. There are other arguments I might adduce(引证)to vindicate Shakespeares authorship. Suffice it to say, a blanket argument against those who deny Shakespeares authorship is simply this: If Shakespeare did not write the plays attributed to him, it was someone else by the same name.

The main idea of the first paragraph is that______.

A．some scholars have proved that Shakespeare"s works were not his own

B．some scholars do not believe Shakespeare"s works were his own

C．some pseudo-scholars try to prove that Shakespeare"s works were not his own

D．some pseudo-scholars take it for granted that Shakespeare"s works were his own

such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, I'd like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

How did the speaker's friends respond to his change of interest？

A．They wanted to follow his example.

B．They fully supported his undertaking.

C．They were puzzled by his decision.

D．They were afraid he wasn't fully prepared.

t paper. Do you remember marking it？

W: Yes I do and... well, my impression was that you were trying to connect argument after argument without any grounds to support each assertion.

M: But surely, you would agree that there simply isn't a lot of research out there to support my arguments.

W: Ah, but research is only one way to back up an argument.

M: May I know what other things I can use？

W: For starters, your experiences. Experiences form. the basis for conclusion. Then perhaps try to look at analogies to see all that can help you.

M: Are there any guidelines available on how I can use these experiences and analogies？

W: I did give a whole lecture on it dated February 7. You were there; weren't you？

M: Whoops, that was one that fell on the week I couldn't be there. I had to rush back home for personal reasons.

W: Well, perhaps on your next paper you'll know that every argument you make needs legs or your paper will remain on the ground.

M: Thanks, Mrs. Morse. It's all food for thought and you can bet the next one will have a solid base.

W: That's the spirit.

(1)

A．His point of view was improper and could be easily attacked.

B．He provided too many personal experiences.

C．He provided too many analogies.

D．He didn't support his arguments enough.

t paper. Do you remember marking it？

W: Yes I do and… well, my impression was that you were trying to connect argument after argument without any grounds to support each assertion.

M: But surely, you would agree that there simply isn’t a lot of research out there to support my arguments.

W: Ah, but research is only one way to back up an argument.

M: May I know what other things I can use？

M: For starters, your experiences. Experiences form. the basis for conclusion. Then perhaps try to look at analogies to see all that can help you.

W: Are there any guidelines available on how I can use these experiences and analogies？

M: I did give a whole lecture on it dated February 7. You were there; weren’t you？

W: Whoops, that was one that fell on the week I couldn’t be there. I had to rush back home for personal reasons.

M: Well, perhaps on your next paper you’ll know that every argument you make needs legs or your paper will remain on the ground.

M: Thanks, Mrs. Morse. It’s all food for thought and you can bet the next one will have a solid base.

W: That’s the spirit.

(20)

A．His point of view was improper and could be easily attacked.

B．He provided too many personal experiences.

C．He provided too many analogies.

D．He didn't support his arguments enough.

听力原文： When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings. As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, I'd like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind. The first excuse I give is an economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight. The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. On the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In their different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids. The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

(33)

A．They wanted to follow his example.

B．They fully supported his undertaking.

C．They were puzzled by his decision.

D．They were afraid he wasn't fully prepared.

听力原文： When my interest shifted from space to the sea, I never expected it would cause such confusion among my friends, yet I can understand their feelings (32) . As I have been writing and talking about space flight for the best part of 20 years, a sudden switch of interest to the depth of the sea does seem peculiar. To explain, I'd like to share my reasons behind this unusual change of mind (35) . The first excuse I give is on economic one. Underwater exploration is so much cheaper than space flight (33) . The first round-trip ticket to the moon is going to cost at least 10 billion dollars if you include research and development. By the end of this century, the cost will be down to a few million. on the other hand, the diving suit and a set of basic tools needed for skin-diving can be bought for 20 dollars. My second argument is more philosophical. The ocean, surprisingly enough, has many things in common with space. In theft different ways, both sea and space are equally hostile. If we wish to survive in either for any length of time, we need to have mechanical aids (34) . The diving suit helped the design of the space suit. The feelings and the emotions of a man beneath the sea will be much like those of a man beyond the atmosphere.

(33)

A．They wanted to follow his example.

B．They full supported his undertaking.

C．They were puzzled by his decision.

D．They were afraid he wasn't full prepared.

the academic sphere. We're told that it's 【C1】______ to compel boys with no athletic 【C2】______ to spend hours of misery on the playground, when, if 【C3】______ to themselves, they would occupy their time far more usefully in some 【C4】______ hobby. The 【C5】______ to this argument, no doubt, 【C6】______ the simple assumption that every non-athlete has some good hobby. It's not true; 【C7】______ even if it were, other hobbies are no substitute for being out, exercising the muscles and having 【C8】______ with our human beings.

【C9】______ the youthful idolizing of athletes, which tends to upset a boy's 【C10】______ of values and may do 【C11】______ harm to the objects of this hero-worship, 【C12】______ a very different matter.

The schoolboy 【C13】______ may suffer through being surrounded at an early age with feint 【C14】______ of artificial light. From preparatory school to university his career is a 【C15】______ procession. Then he becomes a future legend, one of the great products of the school that is proud to call him her son although 【C16】______ may have taught him nothing except to play football. Not until he hangs up his 【C17】______ does he realize his true value--or the lack of it. It'd be better for everybody if this artificial glory were 【C18】______ from games at an early stage.

For some devotees, sport is kind of religion, the sporting spirit is the finest attitude to face life, since its possessor is very conscious of his obligation to the 【C19】______ . The truth is that games have practically no effect on character. Games afford an opportunity for showing the spirit within; they are a 【C20】______ for virtue or for vice. It's for this reason that we should value them.

【C1】

A．tyrannical

B．bossy

C．beastly

D．inhumane

ay the secrets of the world's longest marriage are don't sleep on an argument, always share a kiss and hold hands before going to bed.

Percy Arrowsmith, 105, and his 100-year-old wife were married on June 1,1925. They met at their church in Hereford in western England.

Queen Elizabeth 11 sent her congratulations to the Arrowsmiths, who celebrated their anniversary at home with coffee and snacks and with family and friends. "What a splendid achievement. I send you my warm congratulations and best wishes for your 80th wedding an- niversary,'' the Queen said.

The Arrowsmiths, who have three children, six grandchildren and nine great grandchildren, claim the key to their long marriage is not to go to sleep on an argument. They say they always kiss each other and hold hands each night before going to bed.

"He can't settle down if I'm not holding his hand," Florence Arrowsmith said, "I think we're very blessed. We still love one another, that's the most important part." Asked for their secret, Florence said you must never be afraid to say "sorry".

The couple's daughter Jane Woolley said her parents were both very perky. "She says she can't dance any longer but it feels good to have been married for 80 years," Woolley said. "She says she can still have a drink."

Guinness World Records said the pair held records for the longest marriage for a living couple and the oldest total age of a married couple.

Florence Arrowsmith got married at the age of______.

A．twenty-five

B．twenty

C．eighteen

D．twenty-eight

A.is

B.are

C.have been

D.were

Voices of argument were ___as the two motorists became more bad-tempered.

A.increased

B.risen

C.swollen

D.raised