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What are the three general purposes for giving speeches？
A.To persuade, act , & adjust your speaking style
B.To inform, persuade, & entertain
C.To inform, make people laugh, & have fun
D.None of the Above
A、Tell your audience how nervous you are.
B、Avoid making eye contact with the audience.
C、Focus on achieving perfection in your speech.
D、Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
（1）According to the article, it was the two characters Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn thatmade Mark Twain known by the world.
（2）We can learn from the article that before his first speech, Twain felt worried.
（3）According to the article, Twain' s speeches were amusing and popular.
（4）According to the article, Twain' s book The Innocents Abroad is mainly about his speechtours around the world.
（5）According to the article, Twain didn' t stop giving publlic speeches, because he was highly paid.
Why did the author stop giving speeches for a while？
A．The death of his stepbrother makes him feel guilty.
B．The development of seat belt avoided most accidents.
C．There are no more requests from schools inviting him.
D．He did not have enough time to give lectures at that time.
Why was the audience getting restless and tired？ Because ______ .
A．the speech the businessman gave was too long
B．the businessman gave three different speeches
C．the businessman was giving the same speech three times
D．the businessman gave a wrong speech
Why was the audience getting restless and tired？ Because ______.
A．the speech the businessman gave was too long
B．the businessman gave three different speeches
C．the businessman was giving the same speech once and again
D．the businessman gave a wrong speech
听力原文： When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago, and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is, the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different, because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and emails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. "How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink and go to the bathroom？" Her answer is, "The spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water containers and a waste collection system." To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. "Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space？" Her answer is, "No!" To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuit that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it's important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.
(30)
A．She was a tailor.
B．She was an engineer.
C．She was an educator.
D．She was a public speaker.
【A1】
A.DON"T LEAVE THE AUDIENCE OUT.
B.MAKE IT SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAN
D.
C.BE PREPARED AND PRACTIC
E.
D.COMPLEMENT YOUR SPEECH WITH VISUAL AIDS.
E.PICK A TOPIC THAT INTERESTS YOU. GIVING SPEECHES AND PRESENTATIONS IS AN INEVITABLE PART OF LIF
E.WHETHER IT BE AT SCHOOL OR AT A CONFERENCE, SPEECHES AND ORALS DOMINATE MOST FIELDS OF STUDY.WHAT IS WORSE IS THAT OVER THREE QUARTERS OF THE POPULATION FEAR PRESENTATIONS IN FRONT OF PEOPLE EVEN THOUGH, EIGHT TIMES OUT OF TEN THERE IS NOTHING TO FEAR OR BE ANXIOUS ABOUT. FOR THE REMAINING 20 PERCENT, THE FOLLOWING TIPS WILL HELP YOU BETTER PREPARE FOR A PUBLIC SPEECH AND TO BETTER DELIVER, STARTING TODAY. 【A1】______ PART OF BEING NERVOUS DURING AN ORAL OR PRESENTATION IS DUE TO THE FACT THAT YOU FEEL LIKE YOU WILL FORGET CRITICAL PIECES OF INFORMATION OR THAT YOU WILL GET UP FRONT OF EVERYONE AND FORGET EVERYTHIN
G.PRACTICE, OVER AND OVER, UNTIL YOU ARE ABLE TO DO YOUR PRESENTATION WITH THE MINIMAL AMOUNT OF CUE CARDS.PRACTICE IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS, IN FRONT OF DIFFERENT PEOPL
E. 【A2】______ IT IS HARD TO SPEAK PASSIONATELY AND WITH CONVICTION WHEN YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT SOMETHING THAT YOU COULDN"T CARE ABOUT TO SAVE YOUR LIF
E.PICK A TOPIC THAT YOU KNOW ABOUT SO THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO INJECT A LITTLE CHARISMA INTO YOUR SPEEC
H.WHEN QUESTIONS COME AROUND AT THE END, YOU WILL BE MORE EQUIPPED TO ANSWER THEM IF YOU LOVE WHAT YOU TALKED ABOUT.ALSO, PICKING A TOPIC THAT INTERESTS YOU, BUT THAT YOU DON"T NECESSARILY KNOW A LOT ABOUT, MAKES INFORMATION FOUND REGARDING THAT TOPIC EASIER TO ENCODE INTO LONG TERM MEMORY AND THEN TO RETRIEVE IT! EASIER TO REMEMBER MAKES FOR AN EASIER PERFORMANC
E. 【A3】______ WHEN THE AUDIENCE IS PULLED INTO YOUR SPEECH, OR IS FORCED TO INTERACT WITH YOU WHILE YOU ARE GIVING YOUR SPEECH, THEIR CURIOSITY AND ATTENTION WILL BE ON YOU.WHEN YOU DO NOT INTERACT WITH THE AUDIENCE, YOU ARE GIVING THEM A HUGE OPPORTUNITY TO DAYDREAM, DOZE OFF AND NOT LISTE
N.WHY SPEND ALL THAT TIME ON A SPEECH TO HAVE YOUR AUDIENCE FALL ASLEEP？ 【A4】______ NOT EVERYONE WILL UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU ARE SAYING AND NOT EVERYONE IS INTERESTED IN WHAT YOU ARE SAYING, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE TOPIC IS DIFFICULT TO START WIT
H.EVEN WHEN YOU DEFINE DIFFICULT TERMS THEY MAY NOT KEEP UP.NO ONE CARES ABOUT HOW SMART YOU SOUN
D.LOSING YOUR AUDIENCE IS NOT IDEAL EITHER, WHICH IS INEVITABLE IF THEY DON"T UNDERSTAN
D.IF YOU HAVE TO USE COMPLICATED TERMS, COMPLEMENT THEM WITH AN EASY TO UNDERSTAND EXAMPLE OF WHAT YOU MEA
N. 【A5】______ USE POWER POINT SLIDES OR PROJECTORS.ILLUSTRATE YOUR EXAMPLES AND PUT DEFINITIONS OF DIFFICULT CONCEPTS ON SIMPLE SLIDES.SOME PEOPLE LEARN BETTER VISUALLY. DRESS PROPERLY. DO NOT DRESS LIKE YOU ARE STAYING IN FOR THE DAY,
I.
E.SWEAT PANTS？ DRESS LIKE YOU MEAN IT AND ARE INTERESTED IN WHAT YOU ARE DOIN
G.DRESS LIKE YOU ARE TAKING THIS SERIOUSLY.WHAT YOU WEAR SAYS SOMETHING ABOUT YOU AND PEOPLE TAKE THOSE WHO DRESS SERIOUSLY, MORE SERIOUSLY AND THINK THEY ARE MORE COMPETENT. KEEP YOUR AUDIENCE HANGING AND THINKIN
G. CLOSE YOUR SPEECH BY LEAVING YOUR AUDIENCE THINKIN
G.THIS WILL PERPETUATE YOUR SPEECH AND CULTIVATE CURIOSITY IN OTHERS.IT WILL ALSO LEAVE YOU AND YOUR SPEECH MORE MEMORABL
E. EVERYTHING FROM DRESSING TO THE WAY YOU DELIVER YOUR SPEECH IS IMPORTANT.IT IS THROUGH PRACTICE THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO RELIEVE A BIT OF THE ANXIETY AND FEAR THAT ACCOMPANIES PUBLIC SPEAKIN
G.SPEAKING SLOW AND WITH CONVICTION WILL CAPTIVATE THE AUDIENCE AND LEAVE THEM WANTING MOR
E.REMEMBER, ANXIETY IS NORMAL, BUT IF YOU WORK THROUGH IT YOU WILL FIND THAT IT IS NOT AS BAD AS YOU MAKE IT OUT TO B
E.
(23)
A．Individuals good at conversations may find it hard to make their first speech before a large audience.
B．Students trained for their first public speeches should be given lessons in a conversational setting.
C．The future of those people afraid of giving a public speech lies in the training of making wonderful conversations.
D．Most individuals prefer to make a public speech in a conversational setting with an attentive audience.
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