题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.function
B.design features
C.importance
D.performance
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更多“Language has （)that distinguis…”相关的问题
The author suggests that language in ads should be understood ______.
A．according to its dictionary definition
B．according to its contexts
C．imaginatively
D．impartially
Language Varieties
Languages constantly undergo changes, resulting in the development of different varieties of the languages.
A. Dialects
A dialect is a variety of a language spoken by an identifiable subgroup of people. Traditionally, linguists have applied the term dialect to geographically distinct language varieties, but in current usage the term can include speech varieties characteristic of other socially definable groups. Determining whether two speech varieties are dialects of the same language, or whether they have changed enough to be considered distinct languages, has often proved a difficult and controversial decision. Linguists usually cite mutual intelligibility as the major criterion in making this decision. If two speech varieties are not mutually intelligible, then the speech varieties are different languages; if they are mutually intelligible but differ systematically from one another, then they are dialects of the same language. There are problems with this definition, however, because many levels of mutual intelligibility exist, and linguists must decide at what level speech varieties should no longer be considered mutually intelligible. This is difficult to establish in practice. Intelligibility(可理解性) has a large psychological component: If a speaker of one speech variety wants to understand a speaker of another speech variety, understanding is more likely than if this were not the case. In addition, chains of speech varieties exist in which adjacent speech varieties are mutually intelligible, but speech varieties farther apart in the chain are not. Furthermore, sociopolitical factors almost inevitably intervene in the process of distinguishing between dialects and languages. Such factors, for example, led to the traditional characterization of Chinese as a single language with a number of mutually unintelligible dialects.
Dialects develop primarily as a result of limited communication between different parts of a community that share one language. Under such circumstances, changes that take place in the language of one part of the community do not spread elsewhere. As a result, the speech varieties become more distinct from one another. If contact continues to be limited for a long enough period, sufficient changes will accumulate to make the speech varieties mutually unintelligible. When this occurs, and especially if it is accompanied by the sociopolitical separation of a group of speakers from the larger community, it usually leads to the recognition of separate languages. The different changes that took place in spoken Latin in different parts of the Roman Empire, for example, eventually gave rise to the distinct modem Romance languages, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian.
In ordinary usage, the term dialect can also signify a variety of a language that is distinct from what is considered the standard form. of that language. Linguists, however, consider the standard language to be simply one dialect of a language. For example, the dialect of French spoken in Paris became the standard language of France not because of any linguistic features of this dialect but because Paris was the political and cultural centre of the country.
B. Social Varieties of Language
Sociolects(社会方言) are dialects determined by social factors rather than by geography. Socioleets often develop due to social divisions within a society, such as those of socioeconomic class and religion. In New York City, for example, the probability that someone will pronounce the letter when it occurs at the end of a syllable, as in the word fourth, varies with socioeconomic class. The pronunciation of a final in general is associated with members of higher socioeconomic classes. The same is true in England of the pronunciation of h, as in hat. Members of certain social groups often adopt a particular pronunciation as a way of distinguishin
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
Body language can sometimes lead to_since people of different cultures often
have different forms of behavior. for sending the same message or have different
interpretations of the same signal
A. misunderstanding
B. communication
C. agreement
D. effectiveness
根据下列文章,请回答 23～30 题。
Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis
1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago．I found myself at a loss for words at first．Over time，however，I developed some pointers(点子)，which I hope will help others．
2 During the first few weeks of emotional” aftershocks”(余悸)from the diagnosis，I found myself unable to utter the word” cancel’．Still。1 wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I’d had a biopsy(活检)and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call．I did the best l could。which is all anyone can do in this situation．When I called them，I said，“What we feared has happened．”They immediately knew what I meant．
3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis．I find myself more comfortable telling people “I was diagnosed with cancer” instead of saying have cancer．”0n some deep level．I don’t want t0“own”this illness。Choose language that suits you when you share your news．And keep in mind that there is no one “right” way of doing this．
4 Most people．after hearing your announcement，will be Curious about the next step。They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy(化疗)．They may wonder where and when you will have surgery．Answer their questions as best you can．but keep in mind that” I don’t know right now”or“I’m still in too much shock to think about that”are good answers．
5 Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life．Don’t overwhelm(使不知所措)very young children with too much information．Assure them that，even if you will be in the hospital for a while。they will see you every day and they will be cared for．Older, children may already fear the word “cancer”，SO be prepared to reassure them．Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness．
第 23 题 23 Paragraphs 2______________
A．Break the news as calmly as possible to children
B．Break the news at your own pace
C．Share the good news with your friends
D．Choose language that suits you
E．Follow your doctor’S advice
F．Be prepared for people’S curiosity
Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning.()
Language is a city, to the building of ______ every human being has brought a stone.
A．which
B．that
C．it
D．what
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