There has been some interesting work on the second question: on attitudes to violence. Thi

s finds a difference between westerns and crime plays. Westerns are "black and white" simplifications,【B1】crime plays pretend to represent "real life". The【B2】of westerns is that good can defeat bad through【B3】the manly way of doing thing.【B4】is no interest in the villain(反派角色), and the【B5】is often trying to help others rather than himself. In crime stories, 【B6】there are three important differences. Firstly, that criminal does not pay. Secondly, that what criminals do is not very different【B7】what the police do. Both sides【B8】and trick each other if necessary. Thirdly, that you cannot judge somebody by【B9】he appears: a person may look【B10】but be a criminal. Though the【B11】wins in a crime play, we are sometimes shown the criminal's point-of-view.

There is【B12】important difference between westerns and crime plays. In the【B13】, there are not close-ups(特写镜头) at a kill, and the fighting is between groups rather than single people. This【B14】the effect of the violence. But in crime plays, the【B15】stays on a man who has been【B16】; we see blood on his hands and pain on his face.

The third question, about a possible difference between what writers say they feel and what they【B17】show on the screen, has not been studied【B18】. In many "real-life" plays and films there may be a wide【B19】between the "good man wins" ending and the【B20】that people have when watching the scenes. For example, a criminal may be shown in several scenes, enjoying the money he has stolen, before (in one last scene) he is caught.

【B1】

A．because

B．whereas

C．therefore

D．nevertheless