题目内容
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The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.
A．written-about
B．productive
C．artful
D．religious
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In the early 1450s cultural change in Europe fueled a growing
need for the rapid and cheap production of written documents.
Before this time, scribal monks hand-copied sacred texts for
centuries. But for the secular world began to develop and 【M1】______
distribute new forms of sacred texts, the scribes could not keep up
the demand. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith and businessman 【M2】______
from southern Germany, foresees the profit-making potential for a 【M3】______
printing press that used movable metal type, and borrowed money
to develop that we know now as the modern printing press. He 【M4】______
developed his press by combing features of existed technologies: 【M5】______
textile, papermaking and wine presses.
Perhaps his most significant innovation, therefore, was the 【M6】______
efficient molding and casting of movable metal type. Gutenberg
designed a Latin print Bible which became his most famous
work. Despite of the dramatic success of his printing press, 【M7】______
Gutenberg managed to default on a loan and lost his whole printing
establishment. His techniques were made publicly and his creditor 【M8】______
won the rights to the proceeds from the Gutenberg Bibles.
In 1476, William Caxton set up England's first printing
press. Caxton had been a prolific translator and found the printing
press to be a marvelousway to expand his mission of promoting
unpopular literature, the innovation of the printing press ultimately 【M9】______
influenced art, literature, philosophy and politics. Today,
print is thought of as one of the markers of key historical shifts in 【M10】______
communication, creating a social and intellectual transform.
【M1】
Coral reefs are one of the most fragile, biologically
complex, and diverse marine ecosystem on Earth. This
ecosystem is one of the fascinating paradoxes of the bio-
sphere: how do clear, and thus nutrient-poor, waters sup-
(5) port such prolific and productive communities？ Part of the
answer lies within the tissues of the corals themselves.
Symbiotic cells of algae known as zooxanthellae carry out
photosynthesis using the metabolic wastes of the coral
thereby producing food for themselves, for their corals,
(10) hosts, and even for other members of the reef community.
This symbiotic process allows organisms in the reef com-
munity to use sparse nutrient resources efficiently.
Unfortunately for coral reefs, however, a variety of
human activities are causing worldwide degradation of
(15) shallow marine habitats by adding nutrients to the (water.
Agriculture, slash-and-burn land clearing, sewage disposal
and manufacturing that creates waste by-products all
increase nutrient loads in these waters. Typical symptoms
of reef decline are destabilized herbivore populations and
(20)an increasing abundance of algae and filter-feeding
animals.
Declines in reef communities are consistent with observa-
tions that nutrient input is increasing in direct proportion to
growing human populations, thereby threatening reef com-
(25) munities sensitive to subtle changes in nutrient input to
their waters.
The passage is primarily concerned with______
A．describing the effects of human activities on algae in coral reefs
B．explaining how human activities are posing a threat to coral reef communities
C．discussing the process by which coral reefs deteriorate in nutrient-poor waters
D．explaining how coral reefs produce food for themselves
E．describing the abundance of algae and filter-feeding animals in coral reef areas
Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her life time because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty-five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty-five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became, as she described herself, "mentally bifocal". Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being.
As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people, a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer, and a humanitarian and philanthropist (慈善家). One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author, is a captivating subject of study.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To offer a criterion of the works of Pearl Buck.
B．To illustrate Pearl Buck's views on Chinese literature.
C．To indicate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck.
D．To discuss Pearl Buck's influence on the cultures of the East and the West.
Piaget has only been widely known in this country since the 1960s, when his works were translated from their original French. But he has been recognized as an expert in the field of cognitive development in Europe since the 1930s. In fact, Piaget's publishing career can be traced to the year 1906, when as a child of ten, he published his careful notes on the habits of an albino sparrow he observed near his home in Switzerland. After his precocious debut as an ornithologist, he took an after school job at the local natural history museum, soon becoming an expert on mollusks. At the age of sixteen he was recommended for a curator's position at the natural history museum in Geneva, but declined in favor of continuing his education.
He studied natural science at the University of Neuchatel, obtaining his doctorate at the age of twenty-one. His readings in philosophy stimulated an intense interest in epistemology-the study of humans acquire knowledge. Convinced that cognitive development had a genetic basis. Piaget decided that the best way to approach epistemology would be through its behavioral and biological components. Psychology appeared to be the discipline that best incorporated this approach.
According to the passage, Piaget went to the mountains every summer to
A．collect data for his research.
B．avoid the city heat and enjoy the cool weather.
C．live in his cabin where he could analyze the data he collected there.
D．analyze his research data he had collected before.
The word "prolific" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A．fruitful
B．distinct
C．determined
D．energetic
Thomas Hardy is a prolific writer whose works include the following except______.
A．Far from the Madding Crowd
B．To the Light House
C．Under the Greenwood Tree
D．Jude the Obscure
A．He was a prolific painter.
B．He was an eccentric person.
C．He was an avid reader.
D．He was a good teacher.
such as shells or bones. Soft, fleshy structures are quickly destroyed by predators pr decayed by
bacteria. Even hard parts left on the surface for and length of time will be destroyed Therefore,
organisms must be buried rapidly to escape destruction by the elements and to be protected
(5) agents of weathering and erosion Marine organisms thus are better candidates for
fossilization than those living on the land because the ocean is typically the site of sedimentation,
whereas the land is largely the site of erosion.
The beds of ancient lakes were also excellent sites for rapid burial of skeletal remains of
freshwater organisms and skeletons of other animals, including those of early humans Ancient
(10) swamps were particularly plentiful with prolific growths of vegetation, which fossilized in
abundance. Many animals became trapped in bogs overgrown by vegetation. The environment of
the swamps kept bacterial decay to a minimum, which greatly (aide(D)in the preservation of plants
and animals. The rapidly accumulating sediments in flood plains, deltas, and stream channels
buried freshwater organisms, along with other plants and animals that happened to fall into the
(15) water.
Only a small fraction of all the organisms that have ever lived are preserved as fossils. Normally,
the remains of a plant or animal are completely destroyed through predation and decay. Although
it seems that fossilization is common for some organisms, for others it is almost impossible. For
the most part, the remains of organisms are recycled in the earth, which is fortunate because
(20) otherwise soil and water would soon become depieted of essential nutrients. Also, most of the
fossils exposed on Earth's surface are destroyed by weathering processes. This makes for an
incomplete fossil record with poor or no representation of certain species.
The best fossils are those composed of unaltered remains. Generally, it is the inorganic hard parts,
composed mostly of calcium carbonate, that form. the vast majority of unaltered fossils. Calcite and
(25) aragonite also contributed to a substantial number of fossils of certain organisms.
According to the passage, an organism without hard body parts
A．is not likely to appear in the fossil record
B．is not heavy enough to sink below the surface
C．is not attractive to predators
D．takes a long time to decay
According to the passage, which one is true？
A．Thierry Henry is always a prolific striker from AS Monaco to FC Barcelona.
B．Juventus is where Thierry Henry's splendid football life started.
C．Arsene Wenger is not only a teacher but also a friend as to Thierry Henry.
D．Michel Platini is France's top goal-scorer of all time.
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