题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．the two world wars have profound influence
B．wars may happen at any time in any age
C．wars are closely related to the interest of mighty countries
D．our own age is not so civilized as those of the past
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听力原文： One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own lifestyles. In more traditional societies, when children grow up,. they are expected to live in the same area as their parent, to marry people that their parents know and approve of, and often to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry--or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.
In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the diversion between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.
Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society, the knowledge of a lifetime may become dated overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities.
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A．one.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
Yet one saw, even before the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria this year, that there were signs these sneering attitudes were beginning to change. Programmes on radio and television about Victoria and the age that was named after her managed to humble themselves only about half the time. People were beginning to realize that there was something heroic about that epoch and, perhaps, to fear that the Victorian age was the last age of greatness for this country.
Now a new book, What The Victorians Did For Us, aims further to redress the balance and remind us that, in most essentials, our own age is really an extension of what the Victorians created. You can start with the list of Victorian inventions. They were great lovers of gadgets from the smallest domestic ones to new ways of propelling ships throughout the far-flung Empire. In medicine, anaesthesia (developed both here and in America) allowed surgeons much greater time in which to operate—and hence to work on the inner organs of the body—not to mention reducing the level of pain and fear of patients.
To the Victorians we also owe lawn tennis, a nationwide football association under the modern rules, powered funfair rides, and theatres offering mass entertainment. And, of course, the modern seaside is almost entirely a Victorian invention. There is, of course, a darker side to the Victorian period. Everyone knows about it mostly because the Victorians catalogued it themselves. Henry Mayhew’s wonderful set of volumes on the lives of the London poor, and official reports on prostitution, on the workhouses and on child labour—reports and their statistics that were used by Marx when he wrote Das Kapital—testify to the social conscience that was at the center of “Victorian values”.
But now, surely, we can appreciate the Victorian achievement for what it was—the creation of the modern world. And when we compare the age of Tennyson and Darwin, of John Henry Newman and Carlyle, with our own, the only sensible reaction is one of humility: “We are our father’s shadows cast at noon”.
第16题：According to the author, Lytton Strachey’s book Eminent Victorians _____.
[A] accurately described the qualities of the people of the age
[B] superficially praised the heroic deeds of the Victorians
[C] was highly critical of the contemporary people and institutions
[D] was guilty of spreading prejudices against the Victorians
A．aspect
B．pattern
C．opacity
D．intention
A、not pretended
B、suggesting evil
C、happening in the same time
D、giving orders
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Learning is an essential process for living things to acquire necessary skills and behaviors. Scientists have al ready found that there is a critical period for learning in man and animals. Once the right time for learning a skill or a certain behaviors has passed, this skill or behavior. can never be properly learned.
That we speak our own language perfectly and the languages we learn later imperfectly also depends on learning this skill at the right time. The brain develops in such a way that it is ready to learn to speak between the ages of about ten months and ten years. Languages learned later are not spoken perfectly. The ability to speak a language is a mixed motor and sensory skill. It is necessary to hear all the sounds, the subtle differences between similar but not identical sounds, the rhythm and tone of the language. One has also to work tongue, throat, and lips to control breathing. All this has to be managed at one and the same time. From some time after birth until the age of six or seven, normal children all learn this perfectly; and without much difficulty they can learn two or even three languages at the same time, without confusing one with the other. But later, most of us cannot acquire this skill. We may learn to write and read the new language perfectly; but to acquire the right accent and the ability to speak so that no one can detect that the language is not our mother tongue hardly ever occurs.
But those of us who still want to learn foreign languages after these early milestones have been passed need not worry, for though we may not learn to speak a new language like the natives, we know from thousands of examples that we can go on learning languages beyond the age of eighty. There are so many activities adding up to the simple word" learning" that although some of the processes become less efficient with ageing of the brain, our actual experience of learning helps us in learning new materials.
Normal social and emotional development probably also needs the correct stimulating at the right time. We can observe evidence of this in those rare cases of children who have been completely neglected from birth. Sometimes illegitimate children in the country are put away in barns to conceal their existence from the neighbors. They are taught nothing, not even to be house-trained or to speak. These children then grow up mentally defective. Even if they are found and rescued by the age of four or five, it is too late; though they can be taught a lot, their speech is always inadequate and their brains never reach the standards of their brothers or sisters.
What can we learn from the first paragraph about the critical period？
A．It is a point at which the process of learning ends.
B．It is a phase which is crucial to the acquisition of a certain ability.
C．It is a phase after which we do not need to acquire a certain ability.
D．Mans and animals have a similar critical period for a certain ability.
Suppose a man wanted to reach a distant star. Even if he traveled his whole life, he would have to move faster than the speed of light. Nothing can move that fast except light itself.
Strange things happen to an object when it moves rapidly. The object weighs more. An object moving at 86 percent of the speed of light is twice as heavy as it is at rest. A stick appears shorter. A clock runs more slowly. A man would not age so fast as he would on the earth.
Light travels more than 186, 000 miles a second, or about 11 million miles a minute. In one year, light travels six trillion(万亿) miles. That great distance is called a light-year. It is used to measure distances in space.
The star closest to our sun is Alpha Centrauri (半人马座a星). It is more than four lightyears away. If one traveled at the speed of light, he could make a round trip to Alpha Centauri in nine years. But, even at that speed, he could not reach Alcaid (北斗星)in the handle of the Big Dipper. A one-way journey to Alcaid would take almost 200 years!
Why do we measure the distance in light-years instead of miles？
A．Units of light-years sound better.
B．Using light-years reduced the number of figures used.
C．We used to measure distance in light-years long ago.
D．We do not make mistakes when we use light-years.
8 Ways to Cope with Your Mum
Like most big projects, learning to manage your mother is best tacked in smaller stages. Here are what I believe the eight best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising or revolutionary, but they have worked for many people. Try them.
Remember Your Mother's Age
As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. Even when we become conscious of her as an individual, age does not alter our view; she is still, primarily, our mother. Becoming aware of our mother's age, not just in number of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.
Even if our mother is relatively young--perhaps only in their thirties--she grew up a generation earlier than we. She has probably lived her formative years (性格形成期) in a social environment in which attitudes towards matters such as divorce, abortion, higher education, unemployment and working mothers were different from those we have experienced. Her values may seem dated, but all the influences she had from her parents and peers have had an impact on the way she evolved as a person. It is unreasonable to expect her to change totally from the way she was brought up.
Listen to Your Mother
As we grow up, what our mother has told us often sounds not sophisticated enough for theworld we live in today. Yet I have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are remarkably useful. So if your mother is still offering maxims (哲理) for your life, try to resist the temptation to reject them automatically.
Of course, she will sometimes tell you things with which you disagree, but if you can listen with an open mind you will encourage her to open up to you more fully. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you do not share it, it will help her feel close to you.
Remember That Your Mother Has a Past
A key step in managing our relationship with our mother is to find out about her early life.
Sometimes, in learning about our mother's past, we can construct her story by piecing together what we learn about her upbringing (成长)and her memories, and then, into this vision, placing our own observations of her. This encourages us to think about her life as her experience rather than as a mere recounting of events.
Ask Your Mother Simply and Directly How You Can Make Her Life Better
When I was 15 my mother was dying of cancer. I was aware that she was ill, but not know how seriously. That year I was determined to give her the best possible time for her birthday. I bought her a beautiful red dress and announced that I was going to take her out on the town, drive her up and down to see the sights and then to go see a film. But the driving made her feel sick, and finally she said, "Honey, I don't think I want to go to the movies after all. But I've had just the best time coming out with you." It was her last birthday. She died the following year.
This memory is painful for me, because in trying to Do the right thing, I got wrong: I did not ask her what she wanted, but just did what I thought was best. I was young, but even when were adults many of us remain trapped in childlike (and self-centered) conception of what our mother wants.
Ask Your Mother About Your Childhood History
Understanding your roots can help you know more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother.
My husband and I made a "roots" journey to Arizona so that he could meet my 96-year-old Aunt Flossie before she died. Talking to her, we puzzled over why six children in the family had produced only two grandchildren--a question I had never before thought to ask. She said, "Oh, that's easy--my father (who was bo
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
[B] A harmful practice out of human weakness.
[C] Who should take the burden of looking after our old people？
[D] A cure to loneliness found in kids.
[E] Comfort typical of a multigenerational family.
[F] Benefit of extended age groups.
Until late in 20th century, most Americans spent time with people of all generations. Now baby boomers may not have much contact with old people until they're relatively old themselves.
1. ______
That's because we group people by age. We put our three-year-olds together in day-care centers, our 13-year-olds in schools and sports activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior-citizen homes. Why？ We segregate the old for many reasons: prejudice, ignorance, a lack of good alternatives. Younger people sometimes avoid the old to evade fears of aging and dying. Death is easier to bear in the abstract. It's much harder to watch someone we love fade before our eyes. Sometimes it's so hard that we stay away from the people who need us the most.
2. ______
But there are problems with this age-segregation experiment. Ten 14-year-olds grouped together will form. a Lord of the Flies culture--competitive and mean. But ten people ages two to 80 grouped together will fall into a natural age hierarchy that nurtures and teaches them all. For our own mental and social health, we need to reconnect the age groups. Fortunately, some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young.
3. ______
A reporter moved her family onto a block filled with old people. At first her children were disappointed. But the reporter baked banana bread for the neighbors and had her children deliver it and visit. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they shared food, stories and projects. "My children have never been less lonely," the reporter said.
4. ______
The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a rest home when a visitor showed up with a baby. She was immediately surrounded. People who hadn't gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed comatose woke up to watch the child. Babies have an amazing power to comfort and heal.
5. ______
Grandparents are a special case. They give grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband put it, "My grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end." Grandchildren speak of attention they don't get from harried parents. "My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to slow down," one friend said. A teacher told me she can tell which kids have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer, more trusting.
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