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A．help push employees of old coal-fired power plants into retirement
B．cost old coal-fired power plants considerable amount of money
C．force the utilities to develop technologies to remove the substances
D．reform. the frame. of U. S. coal-fired electric generation capacity
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A．The flow of water in the Atlantic takes warm water from the tropics north to Europe, which resulted in the drop in temperature in Europe in the future.
B．The temperature in the Europe dropped by between three and eight degrees Celsius over the next two hundred years due to the flood of water.
C．Huge amounts of water from northern Canada flooded Europe two hundred years ago, which caused the temperature in Europe to have dropped by between three and eight degrees Celsius.
D．The flood of water caused by the ice melting from the northern polar ice cap resulted in the drop in temperature in Europe over the next two hundred years.
A．100 000 CFS before the building of the Dam.
B．8 000~20 000 CFS before the building of the Dam.
C．8 000~ 100 000 CFS after the building of the Dam.
D．20 000 CFS at peak rate after the building of the Dam.
A．the relationship between handedness and scratches on fossil human teeth can be verified
B．it emphasizes the differences between contemporary humans and their ancestors
C．the scratch patterns produced by stone knives vary significantly from patterns to patterns
D．it demonstrates that ancient humans were not skilled at using tools
A．The reason is that there were fewer fish in the river.
B．Over-fishing in the river has been prohibited.
C．The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve the fish.
D．The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.
A．They are less common than implements "flaked with a clockwise motion".
B．They are larger than implements "flaked with a clockwise motion".
C．They are more sophisticated than implements "flaked with a clockwise motion".
D．They are older than implements "flaked with a clockwise motion".
A．They"ll be closed down.
B．They"re going to dismiss some of their employees.
C．They"ll be moved to other places.
D．They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.
A．To talk about current issues or economic policy.
B．To talk about rhetoric in literature study class.
C．To internalize academic knowledge by providing contexts.
D．To practice using the knowledge gained from other activities.
听力原文：Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. Professor OK, uh lets um, lets start. All Jim Abbott ever wanted to do...uh... was play baseball. This is not an unusual ambition, perhaps, but Jim Abbott was born with a condition that might have dampened the motivation of most others: He has no...uh...no right hand. Youd never know it watching him pitch in the Majors, though(hes currently with the Angels). What would motivate a young man to pursue a goal that everyone told him was impossible？ The words motivation and emotion...uh...both come from the Latin root meaning "move", and the psychology of motivation is indeed the study of what...what moves why we do what we do. Like emotion, motivation involves physiological processes, cognitive processes, and social and cultural processes that shape its expression. Emotion can motivate us to behave in particular ways: Anger can move us to shout, fear can move us to run, and love moves us...us...um to do all sorts of things. But emotion is only one kind of motivating force. In general, motivation refers to...to an inferred process within a person or animal that causes the organism to move toward a goal. The goal may be to satisfy a biological need, as in eating a sandwich to reduce hunger. The goal may be to fulfill a psychological ambition, such as...as...discovering a vaccine for AIDS or winning a Nobel Prize. But psychologists who study motivation, like those who study emotion, often disagree about what the phenomenon is, what causes it, and how to identify it. If you...uh...see a woman eating a doughnut, you dont necessarily know her motive for doing so. Perhaps she is ravenously hungry and could eat anything you put in front of her？ perhaps she has an insatiable passion for doughnuts and will eat one even if she has just consumed a five-course meal; perhaps she hates doughnuts but is being polite because a friend brought her one as a surprise. Moreover, just as several emotions usually cluster together, so several motives may...may operate together, sometimes...uh...in different directions. A man may be motivated to achieve financial success and to be a good father, but what happens when one motive conflicts with the other？ For many decades, the study of motivation was dominated by drive theory put forward by Hull in 1943. In drive theory, biological needs result from states of physical deprivation, such as a lack of food or water. Such needs create a...a physiological drive, a state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. We have only a few primary(unlearned)drives, including hunger, thirst, excessive cold and pain. Although physical energy fuels most human motives, it soon became apparent that drive theory could not account for the complexity and variety of human motivations. As drive theory went out of fashion, so did the field of motivation as a major topic in psychology. Recently, uh...however, research on motivation has been reinvigorated by the "cognitive revolution" - the emphasis throughout psychology on the fact that people are conscious creatures who think and plan ahead, who set goals for themselves and plot strategies to reach them. Modern motivational research tends to emphasize what is unique in human aspirations such as the pursuit of fame, romantic love, athletic perfection, or a seemingly impossible goal such as rowing across the ocean. These social motives(in contrast to biological drives)are learned, some in childhood, some in later life, and they are called "social" because they develop in the context of family, environment, and culture. We now focus on one of the domains of adult life that we think best illustrate the cognitive and biological complexities of human social motivation; love. OK...the need for affiliation refers to the motive to be with others, to make friends, to cooperate, to love. Our lives would be impossible without connection to others. Human development depends on the childs ability to form. attachments and to learn from adults and peers, and on the adults ability to form. relationships with intimate partners, family, friends, and colleagues. No one doesnt need someone. Of course, individuals vary in their need for affiliation; some like "lots of space" and "breathing room", and others like to be surrounded by friends and family every minute of the day. Cultures, too, vary in the value they place on affiliation. American culture emphasizes independence and self-reliance, but Latino and Asian cultures emphasize family cohesiveness, group interdependence, arid teamwork. In the United States "dependence" is almost a dirty word, but in Japan the need for dependence is assumed to be powerful and necessary. In reality, all individuals are dependent; but they often depend on one another for different things at different ages. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer. 1. Why does the professor mention Jim Abbott？ 2. According to the professor, what is motivation？ 3. According to the professor, what is the main problem with the drive theory？ 4. What aspect of modern motivation research does the professor mainly discuss？ 5. What is the professors opinion of affiliation？ Professor In reality, all individuals are dependent, but they often depend on one another for different things at different ages. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. Professor In the United States "dependence" is almost a dirty word, but in Japan the need for dependence is assumed to be powerful and necessary. 6. What does the author imply when he says this？ Professor In the United States "dependence" is almost a dirty word...Narrator Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.
Why does the professor mention Jim Abbott？
A．To indicate how impossible for him to play baseball.
B．To encourage people to forge their unusual ambition.
C．To introduce the following presentation on motivation.
D．To prove that emotion can motivate people behave unusually.
A．They usually sit in the front of the class and write pages of notes a day.
B．They talk to someone only at the end of class when the lecture is over.
C．They take out all their books and study for the classes that they have the next day.
D．They rarely take part in something of a social life.
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